溴化鎘 | 7789-42-6

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 金属卤化物及卤酸盐
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 过渡金属盐
• 中文名称: 溴化鎘
• 中文别名: 溴化镉
• 英文名称: Cadmium bromide
• 英文别名: cadmium(2+);dibromide
• CAS: 7789-42-6
• 化学式: CdBr2
• 分子量: 272.22
• InChiKey: KPWJBEFBFLRCLH-UHFFFAOYSA-L

物化性质

• 熔点：
  567°C
• 沸点：
  863°C
• 密度：
  5,192 g/cm3
• 闪点：
  863°C
• 溶解度：
  溶于乙醇、乙醚、丙酮和液氨。
• 暴露限值：
  ACGIH: TWA 0.01 mg/m3; TWA 0.002 mg/m3NIOSH: IDLH 9 mg/m3
• 稳定性/保质期：

  如果遵照规格使用和储存，则不会分解；该物质溶于水、醇和丙酮，微溶于醚和乙醚，稍溶于丙酮，能溶于乙醇和盐酸，易溶于水。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.69
• 重原子数：
  3
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

镉可以通过口服、吸入和皮肤途径被吸收。镉最初与金属硫蛋白和清蛋白结合，并主要被运输到肾脏和肝脏。当镉的浓度超过可用金属硫蛋白的浓度时，就会观察到毒性效应，而且已经证明镉-金属硫蛋白复合物可能具有损害性。镉不为人所知的是它不会进行任何直接的代谢转化，并以原样不变的形式排出，主要在尿液中。溴主要通过吸入被吸收，但也可以通过皮肤接触进入人体。溴盐可以摄入。由于溴的反应性，它很快形成溴化物，并可能沉积在组织中，取代其他卤素。（L626, L6）

Cadmium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and albumin and is transported mainly to the kidney and liver. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Cadmium is not known to undergo any direct metabolic conversion and is excreted unchanged, mainly in the urine. Bromine is mainly absorbed via inhalation, but may also enter the body through dermal contact. Bromine salts can be ingested. Due to its reactivity, bromine quickly forms bromide and may be deposited in the tissues, displacing other halogens. (L626, L6)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

镉最初与金属硫蛋白结合，并运输到肾脏。当镉的浓度超过了可用金属硫蛋白的浓度时，就会观察到毒性效应，而且已经证实镉-金属硫蛋白复合物可能具有损害性。肾脏中镉的积累导致重要低分子量和高分子量蛋白的排泄增加。镉是锌的高亲和力类似物，可以干扰其生物过程。它还与雌激素受体结合并激活它，可能会刺激某些类型的癌细胞生长并导致其他雌激素效应，如生殖功能障碍。镉通过激活丝裂原活化蛋白激酶导致细胞凋亡。溴是一种强氧化剂，能够从粘膜的水分中释放氧气自由基。这些自由基也是强氧化剂，会产生组织损伤。此外，氢溴酸和溴酸的形成将导致二次刺激。溴离子也被知道会影响中枢神经系统，导致溴中毒。这被认为是溴离子在神经递质和传输系统的反应中替代氯离子的结果，从而影响许多突触过程。（L626, L627, A543, L8, A18, A19, A28）

Cadmium initially binds to metallothionein and is transported to the kidney. Toxic effects are observed once the concentration of cadmium exceeds that of available metallothionein, and it has also been shown that the cadmium-metallothionein complex may be damaging. Accumulation of cadmium in the kidney results in increased excretion of vital low and high weight molecular proteins. Cadmium is a high affinity zinc analog and can interfere in its biological processes. It also binds to and activates the estrogen receptor, likely stimulating the growth of certain types of cancer cells and causing other estrogenic effects, such as reproductive dysfunction. Cadmium causes cell apoptosis by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases. Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543, L8, A18, A19, A28)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

评估：有足够的人类证据表明镉及其化合物具有致癌性。有足够的实验动物证据表明镉化合物具有致癌性。对于镉金属的致癌性，实验动物中存在有限的证据。在进行整体评估时，工作组考虑到了证据表明离子态镉会在包括人类细胞在内的多种真核细胞中引起遗传毒性效应。总体评估：镉及其化合物对人类具有致癌性（第1组）。/镉及其化合物/

Evaluation: There is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of cadmium and cadmium compounds. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of cadmium compounds. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of cadmium metal. In making the overall evaluation, the Working Group took into consideration the evidence that ionic cadmium causes genotoxic effects in a variety of types of eukaryotic cells, including human cells. Overall evaluation: Cadmium and cadmium compounds are carcinogenic to humans (Group 1). /Cadmium and cadmium compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

分类：B1；可能的人类致癌物。分类依据：有限的职业流行病学研究证据表明，镉在调查者和研究人群之间是一致的。有充分的证据表明，通过吸入、肌肉注射和皮下注射，大鼠和小鼠致癌。在大鼠和小鼠的七项研究中，口服镉盐（醋酸盐、硫酸盐、氯化物）没有显示出致癌反应的证据。人类致癌性数据：有限。/根据前美国环保署指南的分类/

CLASSIFICATION: B1; probable human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Limited evidence from occupational epidemiologic studies of cadmium is consistent across investigators and study populations. There is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in rats and mice by inhalation and intramuscular and subcutaneous injection. Seven studies in rats and mice wherein cadmium salts (acetate, sulfate, chloride) were administered orally have shown no evidence of carcinogenic response. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Limited. /Classification based on former EPA guidelines/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

A2；可疑的人类致癌物。/镉及其化合物，如Cd/

A2; Suspected human carcinogen. /Cadmium and compounds, as Cd/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

镉及镉化合物：已知的人类致癌物。

Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds: known to be human carcinogens.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险等级：
  6.1
• 危险品标志：
  N,Xn
• 安全说明：
  S60,S61
• 危险类别码：
  R50/53,R20/21/22
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 3077 9/PG 3
• RTECS号：
  EU9935000
• 包装等级：
  III
• 危险类别：
  6.1

SDS

---

Section 1: Product Identification
Chemical Name: Cadmium bromide, anhydrous, 99%
CAS Registry Number: 7789-42-6
Formula: CdBr2
EINECS Number: 232-165-1
Chemical Family: metal halide
Synonym: Cadmium dibromide

---

Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients
Ingredient CAS Number Percent ACGIH (TWA) OSHA (PEL)
Title Compound 7789-42-6 100% 0.002mg/m3 0.005mg/m3

---

Section 3: Hazards Identification
Irritating to skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. May
Emergency Overview:
cause cancer.
Primary Routes of Exposure: Ingestion, inhalation
Eye Contact: Causes mild to severe irritant to the eyes.
Skin Contact: Causes slight to mild irritation of the skin.
irritating to the respiratory tract. Harmful by inhalation. May cause coughing, headache, shortness of breath,
Inhalation:
chest pains and pulmonary edema.
Harmful if swallowed. Ingestion may lead to sudden nausea, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, weakness,
Ingestion:
convulsions, and death.
Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. irritating to skin, eyes and respiratory tract.
Acute Health Affects:
Ihalation may cause metallic taste, cough, chest pain, pulmonary edema, liver and kidney damage.
Prolonged exposure may cause loss of sense of smell, weight loss, liver, lung, skeletal and kidney damage.
Chronic Health Affects:
Cadmium is a recognized carcinogen of the connective tissue, lungs, and the liver.
NTP: Yes
IARC: Yes
OSHA: No

---

SECTION 4: First Aid Measures
Immediately flush the eyes with copious amounts of water for at least 10-15 minutes. A victim may need
Eye Exposure:
assistance in keeping their eye lids open. Get immediate medical attention.
Wash the affected area with water. Remove contaminated clothes if necessary. Seek medical assistance if
Skin Exposure:
irritation persists.
Remove the victim to fresh air. Closely monitor the victim for signs of respiratory problems, such as difficulty
Inhalation:
in breathing, coughing, wheezing, or pain. In such cases seek immediate medical assistance.
Seek medical attention immediately. Keep the victim calm. Give the victim water (only if conscious). Induce
Ingestion:
vomiting only if directed by medical personnel.

---

SECTION 5: Fire Fighting Measures
Flash Point: not applicable
Autoignition Temperature: none
Explosion Limits: none
Extinguishing Medium: none required
Special Fire Fighting Procedures: No special fire fighting procedures required.
Hazardous Combustion and Toxic dusts contain cadmium
Decomposion Products:
Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazards: No unusual fire or explosion hazards.

---

SECTION 6: Accidental Release Measures
Spill and Leak Procedures: Small spills can be mixed with vermiculite or sodium carbonate and swept up.

---

SECTION 7: Handling and Storage
Handling and Storage: Store material in a tightly sealed container. Will adsorb moisture if handled in a moist environment.

---

SECTION 8: Exposure Controls and Personal Protection
Eye Protection: Always wear approved safety glasses when handling a chemical substance in the laboratory.
Skin Protection: Wear appropriate chemical resistant gloves and protective clothing.
Ventilation: Material may form a fine dust. If possible, handle the material in an efficient fume hood.
In the absence of adequate ventilation a respirator should be worn. The use of a respiratory requires a
Respirator:
Respirator Protection Program to be in compliance with 29 CFR 1910.134.
Ventilation: Material may form a fine dust. If possible, handle the material in an efficient fume hood.
Additional Protection: No additional protection required.

---

SECTION 9: Physical and Chemical Properties
Color and Form: white pwdr.
Molecular Weight: 272.22
Melting Point: 567°
Boiling Point: 863°C
Vapor Pressure: no data
Specific Gravity: 5.192
Odor: none
Solubility in Water:

---

SECTION 10: Stability and Reactivity
Stability: hygroscopic
Hazardous Polymerization: no hazardous polymerization
Conditions to Avoid: contact with moisture
Incompatibility: active metals
Decomposition Products: none

---

SECTION 11: Toxicological Information
RTECS Data: Oral (rat); LD50: 322 mg/kg. Oral (rat); LD50: 733 mg/kg/90D-C.
Carcinogenic Effects: Carcinogen (as Cd)
Mutagenic Effects: No data available
Tetratogenic Effects: No data available

---

SECTION 12: Ecological Information
Avoid release into the environment. Very toxic to aquatic organisms. May cause long-term adverse effects in
Ecological Information:
the aquatic environment.

---

SECTION 13: Disposal Considerations
Disposal: Dispose of according to local, state and federal regulations.

---

SECTION 14: Transportation
Shipping Name (CFR): Cadmium compounds
Hazard Class (CFR): 6.1
Additional Hazard Class (CFR): NA
Packaging Group (CFR): III
UN ID Number (CFR): UN# 2570
Shipping Name (IATA): Cadmium compound
Hazard Class (IATA): 6.1
Additional Hazard Class (IATA): NA
Packaging Group (IATA): III
UN ID Number (IATA): UN# 2570

---

SECTION 15: Regulatory Information
TSCA: Listed in the TSCA inventory.
SARA (Title 313): Title compound see Category Code N078 for reporting.
Second Ingredient: none

---

SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

制备方法与用途

用途：用于石印、照相等。

类别：有毒物品

毒性分级：高毒

急性毒性（大鼠口服 LD50）：322毫克/公斤

可燃性危险特性：不燃；受热会释放剧毒的镉和碘化物气体

储运特性：应存放在通风、低温、干燥的库房中，并与酸类及食品分开存放和运输

灭火剂：水、二氧化碳、干粉或砂土

职业卫生标准（时间加权平均容许浓度）：0.01毫克/立方米

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  硫脲 、 溴化鎘 、 水 生成 dibromobis(thiourea-S)cadmium
  参考文献：
  名称：

  UGAJ, YA. A.;SEMENOV, V. N.;AVERBAX, E. M.;SHAMSHEEVA, I. L., ZH. PRIKL. XIMII, 61,(1988) N 11, S. 2409-2414

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  氢溴酸 生成 溴化鎘
  参考文献：
  名称：

  TOMASHIK, V. N.;SAVA, A. A., XIM. METODY OBRAB. POVERXNOSTEJ NEORGAN. MATER.: TEZ. DOKL. 3 BCEC. SEMIN+

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  镁 、 2-溴丙烷 、 异丙基溴化镁 、 (3β)-3-(acetyloxy)chol-5-en-24-oyl chloride 、 、 盐酸 在 溴化鎘 乙醚 、 盐酸 、 水 、 magnesium sulfate 、 crude product 作用下， 以 乙醚 、 苯 为溶剂， 反应 2.5h， 以to give crude product, 3β-acetoxy-24-oxo-5-cholestene 332 (35.6 g, 70% yield), which的产率得到3β-acetoxy-cholest-5-en-24-one
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Steroid derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and

  摘要：

  具有广泛抗微生物活性的化合物通常具有包括星状核（nucleus）和阳离子，最好是多胺侧链（X）以及阴离子侧链（Y）的结构。本发明还涉及公式III的化合物：##STR1## 优选其中甾体环核是饱和的；甾体环取代基Z.sub.5为.alpha.-H；一个Z.sub.7为.beta.-H，另一个为.alpha.-H或.alpha.-OH；两个取代基Z.sub.12均为氢；X'为多胺侧链，其公式为--NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.p --NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.q --N(R.sup.II)(R.sup.III)，其中p和q各自独立地为3或4，R.sup.II和R.sup.III各自独立地为氢或甲基；R'为甲基；Y'为（C.sub.1-C.sub.10）烷基，其上取代有诸如--CO.sub.2 H或--SO.sub.3 H的基团。

  公开号：

  US05637691A1

文献信息

• VENGEL, P. F.;TOMASHIK, V. N.;FOMIN, A. V., XIM. METODY OBRAB. POVERXNOSTEJ NEORGAN. MATER.: TEZ. DOKL. 3 BCEC. SEMIN+
  作者：VENGEL, P. F.、TOMASHIK, V. N.、FOMIN, A. V.

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• SMIRNOV, V. A.;KOPETSKIJ, CH. V.;REDKIN, A. N., VYSOKOCHIST. VESHCHESTVA,(1988) N 1, 48-54
  作者：SMIRNOV, V. A.、KOPETSKIJ, CH. V.、REDKIN, A. N.

  DOI：——

  日期：——

表征谱图