Synthesis and evaluation of stilbene and dihydrostilbene derivatives as potential anticancer agents that inhibit tubulin polymerization
摘要:
An array of cis-, trans-, and dihydrostilbenes and some N-arylbenzylamines were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity in the five cancer cell cultures A-549 lung carcinoma, MCF-7 breast carcinoma, HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma, SKMEL-5 melanoma, and MLM melanoma. Several cis-stilbenes, structurally similar to combretastatins, were highly cytotoxic in all five cell lines and these were also found to be active as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. The most active compounds also inhibited the binding of colchicine to tubulin. The most potent of the new compounds, both as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor and as a cytotoxic agent, was (Z)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethene (5a). This substance was almost as potent as combretastatin A-4 (1a), the most active of the combretastatins, as a tubulin polymerization inhibitor. Compound 5a was found to be approximately 140 times more cytotoxic against HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells and about 10 times more cytotoxic against MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells than combretastatin A-4. However, 5a was found to be about 20 times less cytotoxic against A-549 lung carcinoma cells, 30 times less cytotoxic against SKMEL-5 melanoma cells, and 7 times less cytotoxic against MLM melanoma cells than combretastatin A-4. The relative potencies 5a > 8a > 6a for the cis, dihydro, and trans compounds, respectively, as inhibitors of tubulin polymerization are in agreement with the relative potencies previously observed for combretastatin A-4 (1a), dihydrocombretastatin A-4 (1c), and trans-combretastatin A-4 (1b). The relative potencies 5a > 8a > 6a were also reflected in the results of the cytotoxicity assays. Structure-activity relationships of this group of compounds are also discussed.
General Ambient Temperature Benzylic Metalations Using Mixed-Metal Li/K-TMP Amide
作者:Atul Manvar、Patricia Fleming、Donal F. O’Shea
DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.5b01540
日期:2015.9.4
carbanions utilized for nucleophilic addition and Peterson olefination reactions. Direct C–C couplings mediated by 1,2-dibromoethane provided entries into bibenzyls and [2.2]metacyclophanes. Comparison of reaction outcomes with the same reactions carried out in THF at −78 °C showed no negative effects for conducting the reactions under these milder more user-friendly conditions.
使用由KO t Bu,BuLi和2,2,6,6,-四甲基哌啶(TMP(H ))。KO t的混合庚烷中的Bu,BuLi和TMP(H)给出了一种基础混合物的溶液,当用于氘标记实验时,证实了这三种试剂组分对反应性和选择性的要求。该反应方案在操作上简单明了,并且发现可适用于多种底物。在生成金属化产物时,它们在庚烷中于环境温度下以多种合成上有用的方式反应。所示实例包括苄基三甲基硅烷和α,α-双(三甲基甲硅烷基)甲苯试剂的产生,它们是用于亲核加成和彼得森烯化反应的苄基阴离子和α-甲硅烷基碳负离子的替身稳定替代物。由1,2-二溴乙烷介导的直接C-C偶联提供了联苄和[2.2]甲基环已烷的入口。
Homo- and Hetero-oxidative Coupling of Benzyl Anions
作者:Marco Blangetti、Patricia Fleming、Donal F. O’Shea
DOI:10.1021/jo3000805
日期:2012.3.16
The regioselective benzylic metalation of substituted toluenes using BuLi/KO-t-Bu/TMP(H) (LiNK metalation conditions) with subsequent in situ oxidative C-C coupling has been developed for the facile generation of 1,2-diarylethanes. A range of oxidants can be used for the oxidative coupling step, with 1,2-dibromoethane proving optimal. Heterocouplings can be achieved starting from a mixture of two different toluenes with a bias toward cross coupling achievable by using a 2-fold excess of one toluene starting material. The utility of this approach is illustrated by the synthesis of several biologically active natural products. A distinct advantage is that the synthetic steps typically required to preactivate the coupling substrates are eliminated and no transition metal is required to facilitate the C-C bond formation.