Synthesis and Antiplasmodial Activity of Betulinic Acid and Ursolic Acid Analogues
作者:Adrine Innocente、Gloria Silva、Laura Cruz、Miriam Moraes、Myna Nakabashi、Pascal Sonnet、Grace Gosmann、Célia Garcia、Simone Gnoatto
DOI:10.3390/molecules171012003
日期:——
More than 40% of the World population is at risk of contracting malaria, which affects primarily poor populations in tropical and subtropical areas. Antimalarial pharmacotherapy has utilised plant-derived products such as quinine and artemisinin as well as their derivatives. However, worldwide use of these antimalarials has caused the spread of resistant parasites, resulting in increased malaria morbidity and mortality. Considering that the literature has demonstrated the antimalarial potential of triterpenes, specially betulinic acid (1) and ursolic acid (2), this study investigated the antimalarial activity against P. falciparum chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 strain of some new derivatives of 1 and 2 with modifications at C-3 and C-28. The antiplasmodial study employed flow cytometry and spectrofluorimetric analyses using YOYO-1, dihydroethidium and Fluo4/AM for staining. Among the six analogues obtained, compounds 1c and 2c showed excellent activity (IC50 = 220 and 175 nM, respectively) while 1a and b demonstrated good activity (IC50 = 4 and 5 μM, respectively). After cytotoxicity evaluation against HEK293T cells, 1a was not toxic, while 1c and 2c showed IC50 of 4 μM and a selectivity index (SI) value of 18 and 23, respectively. Moreover, compound 2c, which presents the best antiplasmodial activity, is involved in the calcium-regulated pathway(s).
全球超过40%的人口面临疟疾感染的风险,该病主要影响热带和亚热带地区的贫困人口。疟疾治疗广泛使用从植物中提取的产品,如奎宁和青蒿素及其衍生物。然而,全球使用这些抗疟药物导致抗药性寄生虫的传播,增加了疟疾的发病率和死亡率。鉴于文献显示三萜类化合物,特别是白桦脂酸(1)和熊果酸(2)的抗疟潜力,本研究探讨了一些新的1和2衍生物,在C-3和C-28位置进行修饰后,对氯喹敏感的恶性疟原虫3D7株的抗疟活性。抗疟研究采用了流式细胞术和荧光光谱分析,使用YOYO-1、二氢乙锭和Fluo4/AM进行染色。在获得的六个类似物中,化合物1c和2c显示出优异的活性(IC50分别为220和175 nM),而1a和1b显示出良好的活性(IC50分别为4和5 μM)。在评估对HEK293T细胞的细胞毒性后,1a无毒性,而1c和2c的IC50为4 μM,选择性指数(SI)值分别为18和23。此外,抗疟活性最佳的化合物2c涉及钙调节途径。