Stereocontrolled Synthesis of ent-Grindelic Acid. A Useful Example of Diastereofacial Guidance in an Oxonium Ion-Initiated Pinacolic Ring Expansion
摘要:
An enantioselective synthesis of (+)-grindelic acid is described, confirming that the dextrorotatory enantiomer is antipodal to the natural diterpenoid. The optically pure bicyclic ketone 5 representing the AB ring system is constructed from the levorotatory Wieland-Miescher ketone and must therefore possess the absolute configuration shown. Coupling of 5 with the 5-lithio derivative of optically active 2,3-dihydrofuran 3 derived from (R)-(-)-linalool was effected for the purpose of realizing acid-catalyzed rearrangement with generation of the appropriate spirocyclic framework. This key step is highly stereocontrolled, leading predominantly to 7. Once the advanced intermediate 15 is available in this fashion, its subsequent exposure to oxidation and dehydration steps led to the target molecule. The synthesis demonstrates unequivocally that natural (-)-grindelic acid is a true labdane diterpenoid.
Enantioselective synthesis of natural (+)-dactyloxene-B and -C by actuation of oxonium ion-initiated pinacol rearrangement
摘要:
A direct route is described for assembling the spirocyclic framework of two sesquiterpene ethers derived biogenetically from the cyclization of farnesol with rearrangement of a methyl group.
Total synthesis of (+)-grindelic acid by stereocontrolled oxonium ion activated pinacol ring expansion. Chemical proof of the absolute configuration of all grindelane diterpenes
作者:Leo A. Paquette、Hui-Ling Wang
DOI:10.1016/0040-4039(95)01187-m
日期:1995.8
(+)-Grindelic acid, synthesized enantioselectively from the levorotatory Wieland-Miescher ketone and (-)-linalool and necessarily formulated as 1a, is shown to be antipodal to the major diterpenoid of Grindelia species.
Oxonium ion-initiated pinacolic ring expansion reactions. Application to the enantioselective synthesis of the spirocyclic sesquiterpene ethers dactyloxene-B and -C
作者:Marc D. Lord、Joanna T. Negri、Leo A. Paquette
DOI:10.1021/jo00106a033
日期:1995.1
A convergent synthesis of dactyloxene-B (1) and -C (2) from a common optically active intermediate in seven steps has been achieved. Ozonolysis of(R)-(-)-linalool proceeded regioselectively to deliver a lactol, the benzoate of which when thermolyzed gave dihydrofuran 7. The second building block, levorotatory cyclopentanone 8, was produced by kinetically controlled lipase-induced hydrolysis of chloroacetate 15b. Saponification and oxidation of the less reactive ester was sufficient to provide (-)-8 whose condensation with the cerate of 7 gave rise to 19 and set the stage for implementation of the key structural rearrangement step. When stirred with Dowex resin, 19 was isomerized to four ketones. Following chromatographic separation, 20 and 21 were independently transformed into the target molecules via a two-step sequence. The spectral and optical properties of the two dactyloxenes compared very favorably with those reported earlier.
Single Stereodifferentiation Associated with Carbon Atom Insertion during the Oxonium Ion-Initiated Pinacol Rearrangement of Dihydrofuranyl and Dihydropyranyl Carbinols
作者:Leo A. Paquette、James C. Lanter、Jeffrey N. Johnston
DOI:10.1021/jo962019j
日期:1997.3.1
The stereoselectivity of the acid-promoted rearrangement of dihydrofuranyl and dihydropyranyl carbinols to spirocyclic ketones has been examined. These kinetically controlled isomerizations result in the ring expansion of the hydroxyl-substituted ring with generation of a newly stereogenic spirocyclic carbon atom. All of the adducts formed from several 4,5-dihydrofurans and cyclobutanone, cyclopentanone, and 2,2-dimethylcyclopentanone proved to be reactive. Of the 5,6-dihydropyrans examined, only the cyclobutanone adducts were sufficiently reactive to warrant study. The product distributions arising from the furanoid systems were characterized by modest discrimination in most cases. The more stereodifferentiating pyranoid systems show product distributions as high as 30:1. These results are explained in terms of transition state geometries (conformationally more flexible in the five-membered examples) while also taking into account the principle of stereoelectronic control.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of <i>ent</i>-Grindelic Acid. A Useful Example of Diastereofacial Guidance in an Oxonium Ion-Initiated Pinacolic Ring Expansion
作者:Leo A. Paquette、Hui-Ling Wang
DOI:10.1021/jo960547p
日期:1996.1.1
An enantioselective synthesis of (+)-grindelic acid is described, confirming that the dextrorotatory enantiomer is antipodal to the natural diterpenoid. The optically pure bicyclic ketone 5 representing the AB ring system is constructed from the levorotatory Wieland-Miescher ketone and must therefore possess the absolute configuration shown. Coupling of 5 with the 5-lithio derivative of optically active 2,3-dihydrofuran 3 derived from (R)-(-)-linalool was effected for the purpose of realizing acid-catalyzed rearrangement with generation of the appropriate spirocyclic framework. This key step is highly stereocontrolled, leading predominantly to 7. Once the advanced intermediate 15 is available in this fashion, its subsequent exposure to oxidation and dehydration steps led to the target molecule. The synthesis demonstrates unequivocally that natural (-)-grindelic acid is a true labdane diterpenoid.
Enantioselective synthesis of natural (+)-dactyloxene-B and -C by actuation of oxonium ion-initiated pinacol rearrangement
作者:Leo A. Paquette、Marc D. Lord、Joanna T. Negri
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)73835-4
日期:1993.9
A direct route is described for assembling the spirocyclic framework of two sesquiterpene ethers derived biogenetically from the cyclization of farnesol with rearrangement of a methyl group.