Synthesis and biological evaluation of guanylhydrazone coactivator binding inhibitors for the estrogen receptor
摘要:
Most patients with hormone-responsive breast cancer eventually develop resistance to traditional antiestrogens such as tamoxifen, and this has become a major obstacle in their treatment. We prepared and characterized the activity of a series of 16 guanylhydrazone small molecules that are designed to block estrogen receptor (ER) activity through a non-traditional mechanism, by directly interfering with coactivator binding to agonist-liganded ER. The inhibitory activity of these compounds was determined in cell-based transcription assays using ER-responsive reporter gene and mammalian two-hybrid assays. Several of the compounds gave IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Two secondary assays were used to confirm that these compounds were acting through the proposed non-traditional mode of estrogen inhibitory action and not as conventional antagonists at the ligand binding site. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of guanylhydrazone coactivator binding inhibitors for the estrogen receptor
作者:Andrew L. LaFrate、Jillian R. Gunther、Kathryn E. Carlson、John A. Katzenellenbogen
DOI:10.1016/j.bmc.2008.10.007
日期:2008.12
Most patients with hormone-responsive breast cancer eventually develop resistance to traditional antiestrogens such as tamoxifen, and this has become a major obstacle in their treatment. We prepared and characterized the activity of a series of 16 guanylhydrazone small molecules that are designed to block estrogen receptor (ER) activity through a non-traditional mechanism, by directly interfering with coactivator binding to agonist-liganded ER. The inhibitory activity of these compounds was determined in cell-based transcription assays using ER-responsive reporter gene and mammalian two-hybrid assays. Several of the compounds gave IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Two secondary assays were used to confirm that these compounds were acting through the proposed non-traditional mode of estrogen inhibitory action and not as conventional antagonists at the ligand binding site. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Direct preparation of vinyl halides from the corresponding ketones and acetyl halides
Vinyl chlorides and bromides are obtained in good yield from the corresponding ketones and acetylhalides in the presence of trifluoroacetic or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. The Z isomer is selectively formed.