Efficient Hydrogenation of Sterically Hindered Olefins with Borane−Methyl Sulfide Complex
摘要:
Sterically hindered olefins are efficiently reduced to the corresponding alkanes by the borane-methyl sulfide (BMS) complex at room temperature (or below) in dichloromethane containing a mild one-electron oxidant (such as an aromatic cation radical) or by the passage of an anodic current. In an alternative procedure, the hydrogenation of the same (electron-rich) olefins with the EMS complex (in the absence of a one-electron oxidant) is also carried out-in the presence of a strong Bronsted acid (such as HBF4). In the oxidative activation, olefin cation radicals are the first observable intermediates, and separate experiments (including transient electrochemistry) confirm the facile reduction of the olefin cation radical by borane to produce the corresponding alkane. The direct protonation of olefins produces carbocationic intermediates which are also efficiently reduced by borane to the corresponding alkanes. The intermediacy of both olefin cation radicals and carbocations in the hydrogenation procedure with borane is discussed.
Anti-cancer agents and processes for their preparation
申请人:The Ohio State University Research Foundation
公开号:US04683087A1
公开(公告)日:1987-07-28
Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are either two hydrogen atoms or together form a methylene group, and each X is a bromo, iodo or tosyloxy group and the dotted bonds indicate that the central linkage is attached to the two phenyl rings at positions which are either meta to both CH.sub.2 X groups or para to both such groups, possess anti-cancer activity. The active compounds are prepared by multi-step syntheses beginning with dimethoxymethylbenzaldehydes or di(hydroxymethyl)methoxyphenols; many of the intermediates involved are themselves novel.
Acid Catalysis vs. Electron-Transfer Catalysis via Organic Cations or Cation-Radicals as the Reactive Intermediate. Are These Distinctive Mechanisms?
作者:Rajendra Rathore、Jay K. Kochi、Augusto Canavesi、Larry L. Miller、Giovanni V. Sebastiani、George W. Francis、József Szúnyog、Bengt Långström
DOI:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.52-0114
日期:——
Proton transfer to aromatic and olefinic donors (D) lends to the facile interchange of transient carbocations (DH+) and cation-radical (D+.). The same types of cation and cation-radical are reactive intermediates in the acid catalysis and the electron-transfer catalysis of such organic transformations as benzylic coupling, epoxide.-pinacol rearrangements and cis-trans isomerization of stilbenes when they are both carried out under otherwise identical reaction conditions, However, the rapid exchange of diamagnetic cations and paramagnetic cation-radicals blurs the traditional view of sepal ate electrophilic and homolytic processes, and rigorous experimental evidence is required to establish whether acid catalysis and electron-transfer catalysis actually represent distinct mechanistic categories.
US4683087A
申请人:——
公开号:US4683087A
公开(公告)日:1987-07-28
Efficient Hydrogenation of Sterically Hindered Olefins with Borane−Methyl Sulfide Complex
作者:R. Rathore、U. Weigand、J. K. Kochi
DOI:10.1021/jo960357e
日期:1996.1.1
Sterically hindered olefins are efficiently reduced to the corresponding alkanes by the borane-methyl sulfide (BMS) complex at room temperature (or below) in dichloromethane containing a mild one-electron oxidant (such as an aromatic cation radical) or by the passage of an anodic current. In an alternative procedure, the hydrogenation of the same (electron-rich) olefins with the EMS complex (in the absence of a one-electron oxidant) is also carried out-in the presence of a strong Bronsted acid (such as HBF4). In the oxidative activation, olefin cation radicals are the first observable intermediates, and separate experiments (including transient electrochemistry) confirm the facile reduction of the olefin cation radical by borane to produce the corresponding alkane. The direct protonation of olefins produces carbocationic intermediates which are also efficiently reduced by borane to the corresponding alkanes. The intermediacy of both olefin cation radicals and carbocations in the hydrogenation procedure with borane is discussed.
Bis(bioreductive) alkylating agents: synthesis and biological activity in a nude mouse human carcinoma model
作者:Donald T. Witiak、Prabhakar L. Kamat、Debra L. Allison、Stephen M. Liebowitz、Ronald Glaser、Jane E. Holliday、Melvin L. Moeschberger、Joseph P. Schaller
DOI:10.1021/jm00366a004
日期:1983.12
hybrid cell line (D98/HR1) previously shown to induce carcinomas in nude mice. Inactivity of both test compounds in vitro, the relative resistance of these cells to test drugs in vitro, and the selective antitumor properties of the bis(bromomethyl) analogue in vivo lead to the proposal that this compound undergoes bioreduction to an alkylating species in the hypoxic core of the tumor, thereby exerting