Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of conformationally constrained glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase inhibitors
摘要:
Glycerol 3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT)isozymes are central control points for fat synthesis in mammals. Development of inhibitors of these membrane-bound enzymes could lead to an effective treatment for obesity, but is thwarted by an absence of direct structural information. Based on a highly successful study involving conformationally constrained glycerol 3-phosphate analogs functioning as potent glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors, several series of cyclic bisubstrate and transition state analogs were designed, synthesized, and tested as GPAT inhibitors. The weaker in vitro inhibitory activity of these compounds compared to a previously described benzoic acid series was then examined in docking experiments with the soluble squash chloroplast GPAT crystal structure. These in silico experiments indicate that cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl scaffolds prepared in this study may be occluded from the enzyme active site by two protein loops that sterically guard the phosphate binding region. In view of these findings, future GPAT inhibitor design will be driven toward compounds based on planar frameworks able to slide between these loops and enter the active site, resulting in improved inhibitory activity. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Ketone-directed peracid epoxidation of cyclic alkenes
作者:Alan Armstrong、Paul A. Barsanti、Paul A. Clarke、Anthony Wood
DOI:10.1039/p19960001373
日期:——
Ketone carbonyl groups are shown to direct the peracidepoxidation of cyclic alkenes with greater selectivity than that displayed by esters. An 18O labelling study is used to show that a dioxirane intermediate is not involved in these reactions.
Diastereoselectivity in the Epoxidation of Substituted Cyclohexenes by Dimethyldioxirane<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup>
作者:Robert W. Murray、Megh Singh、Brian L. Williams、Hazel M. Moncrieff
DOI:10.1021/jo951864j
日期:1996.1.1
Three series of compounds based on the cyclohexene framework. have been epoxidized by dimethyldioxirane. A pronounced dependence of epoxide diastereoselectivity on substituent has been observed. In addition there is a solvent influence on this stereoselectivity. The results have been explained by invoking steric, H-bonding, and dipole-dipole influences on the epoxide stereochemistry.
Steric control of epoxidation by carbamate and amide groups. Evidence for the carbonyl-directed epoxidation
作者:Pavel Kocovsky、Ivo Stary
DOI:10.1021/jo00297a047
日期:1990.5
Miyashita, Kazuyuki; Tanaka, Akira; Mizuno, Hiroaki, Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin transactions I, 1994, # 7, p. 847 - 852
Substrate-imposed steric constraints can be overriden by the pronounced preference of strong peracids for epoxidation on the π face, which has the highest electron density. For example, the syn:anti ratio for reaction (1) with CF3 CO3 H in CH2 Cl2 is 82:18, that with CH3 CO3 H in toluene is 3:97.