Cyclopropane-based conformational restriction of GABA by a stereochemical diversity-oriented strategy: Identification of an efficient lead for potent inhibitors of GABA transports
摘要:
A series of cyclopropane-based conformationally restricted gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogs with stereochemical diversity, that is, the trans- and cis-2,3-methano analogs Ia and Ib and their enantiomers ent-Ia and ent-Ib, and also the trans- and cis-3,4-methano analogs IIa and IIb and their enantiomers ent-IIa and ent-Iib, were synthesized from the chiral cyclopropane units Type-a and Type-b that we developed. These analogs were systematically evaluated with four GABA transporter (GAT) subtypes. The trans-3,4-methano analog IIa had inhibitory effects on GAT3 (IC50 = 23.9 mu M) and betaine-GABA transporter1 (5.48 mu M), indicating its potential as an effective lead compound for the development of potent GAT inhibitors due to its hydrophilic and low molecular weight properties and excellent ligand efficiency. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Synthesis of optically active cis- and trans-1,2-disubstituted cyclopropane derivatives by the Simmons-Smith reaction of allyl alcohol derivatives derived from (R)-2,3-O-isopropylideneglyceraldehyde
摘要:
The Simmons-Smith reactions of Z- and E-allyl alcohol derivatives 6 derived from (R)-2,3-O-isopropylideneglyceraldehyde (5) were used for the synthesis of optically active cis- and trans-1,2 disubstituted cyclopropane derivatives. Reaction of 6 with diethyl zinc and diiodomethane gave cyclopropane derivatives 7 in 84% to quantitative yields with 35 to approximate to 100% des. Identical facial selectivities toward the double bonds, Ire-asi for Z-6 and 1re-2re for E-6, were observed in the cyclopropanations. The diastereoselectivity was dependent on the protecting group on the terminal allylic oxygen (R of 6, TBDPS > MOM > Bn) and on the stereochemistry of the double bond (Z > E). For TBDPS ethers Z- and E-6c, cis- and trans-7c were obtained as single diastereomers respectively. It was clearly demonstrated that the stereoselectivity of the cyclopropanation is controlled by the directing effect of the allylic oxygen (O-1) of the dioxolane ring which coordinates to the reagent. The terminal allylic oxygen (O-2) lowered the diastereoselectivity This reaction was applied to the synthesis of optically active cyclopropane analogs of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) 18, 22, and ent-22.