Identification of Sources Contributing to Mid-Atlantic Regional Aerosol
摘要:
Source types or source regions contributing to the concentration of atmospheric fine particles measured at Brigantine National Wildlife Refuge, NJ, were identified using a factor analysis model called Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). Cluster analysis of backward air trajectories on days of high- and low-factor concentrations was used to link factors to potential source regions. Brigantine is a Class I visibility area with few local sources in the center of the eastern urban corridor and is therefore a good location to study Mid-Atlantic regional aerosol. Sulfate (expressed as ammonium sulfate) was the most abundant species, accounting for 49% of annual average fine mass. Organic compounds (22%; expressed as 1.4 x organic carbon) and ammonium nitrate (10%) were the next abundant species. Some evidence herein suggests that secondary organic aerosol formation is an important contributor to summertime regional aerosol.
synthesis of chiral 6‐substituted and 6,6’‐disubstituted binols (binol = 1,1’‐bi‐2‐naphthol) by palladium‐catalyzed hydroxylation, C–N and C–Ocoupling of chiral 6‐bromo‐ and 6,6’ ‐dibromo‐1,1’‐binaphthols is developed. The protecting group free palladium‐catalyzed hydroxylation, C–O and C–N cross‐coupling protocol affords a straightforward and general method for the synthesis of chiral 6‐substituted
Provided is a secondary battery that includes an electrode active material including an organic compound represented by the following General Formula 1.
Ar—(OH)
n
In the General Formula 1, Ar denotes at least one selected from the group consisting of 1,1-binaphthalene, anthracene, triphenylene, tetraphenylene, and pyrene, and is optionally substituted with a substituent. The substituent of Ar is at least one selected from the group consisting of an OH group, a carbonyl group produced through oxidization of the OH group, an alkyl group containing 3 or less carbon atoms, a halogen atom, and an amino group. n denotes an integer in a range of from 2 through 8.