4-Cyanomethyl- ortho -quinone tautomerism and the structure of the dienophile in Gates' morphine synthesis
作者:Edward J Land、Christopher A Ramsden、Patrick A Riley、Gnanamoly Yoganathan
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2003.10.008
日期:2003.11
Oxidation of (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile gives (3-hydroxy-4-oxo-cyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene)acetonitrile via the isomeric ortho-quinone ((3,4-dioxo-cyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene)acetonitrile). This para-quinomethane product is formed as a mixture of diastereoisomers and with an initial composition of Z/E 4:1. Over 24 h this mixture equilibrates to a composition of Z/E 5:4. The para-quinomethane reacts with morpholine to give (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-morpholin-4-yl-acetonitrile. Similar oxidation of (3,4-dihydroxy-naphthalen-1-yl)acetonitrile also gives a para-quinomethane derivative and not the 1,2-naphthoquinone as previously described. The reactivity of this para-quinomethane derivative as a 1,3-dienophile in a key step of the Gates' morphine synthesis is attributed to formation of its conjugate acid. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Synthesis of Ring Systems Related to Morphine. I. 9,10-Dioxo-13-cyanomethyl-5,8,9,10,13,14-hexahydrophenanthrene
作者:Marshall Gates、William F. Newhall
DOI:10.1021/ja01186a079
日期:1948.6
Clews, John; Land, Edward J.; Ramsden, Christopher A., Journal of the Chemical Society. Perkin transactions I, 1998, # 6, p. 1009 - 1011
作者:Clews, John、Land, Edward J.、Ramsden, Christopher A.、Riley, Patrick A.