Does Ethnic Concentration Influence Employees' Access to Authority? An Examination of Contemporary Urban Labor Markets
作者:R. A. Smith、J. R. Elliott
DOI:10.1353/sof.2002.0062
日期:2002.9.1
This article examines whether ethnic concentration in establishments, occupations, and industries influences the authority attainment of white, Hack, Hispanic, and Asian men and women. Data from the Multi-City Survey of Urban Inequality and the 1990 decennial census indicate that “horizontal” concentration among roughly equivalent coworkers and within local industrial and occupational sectors has little effect on minority chances of accessing positions of authority. However, “vertical” concentration in the form of racial/ethnic matching of supervisors to subordinate work groups exerts a strong and consistent effect among all groups, implying that authority attainment depends a great deal on the opportunity to supervise largely coethnic work groups. We conceptualize this “ethnic matching” of supervisors to subordinates as a kind of “sticky floor” that binds individual opportunity for workplace authority to the structural opportunity to exercise control over members of one's own race and ethnicity.
本文研究了机构、职业和行业中的种族集中度是否会影响白人、哈克人、西班牙裔和亚裔男女获得权力的情况。来自《多城市城市不平等调查》和 1990 年十年一次的人口普查的数据表明,在大致相同的同事之间以及在当地的工业和职业部门内,"横向 "集中对少数族裔获得权力职位的机会影响不大。然而,"纵向 "集中,即上司与下属工作群体的种族/族裔匹配,在所有群体中都产生了强烈而一致的影响,这意味着权力的获得在很大程度上取决于是否有机会监督基本上同族的工作群体。我们将这种上司与下属的 "种族匹配 "概念化为一种 "粘性地板",它将个人在工作场所获得权力的机会与对自己种族和族裔成员行使控制权的结构性机会联系在一起。