cobalt(II) carbonate | 759403-02-6

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 有机碳酸及其衍生物
• 英文名称: cobalt(II) carbonate
• 英文别名: cobalt carbonate；Cobaltous carbonate；cobalt(2+);carbonate
• CAS: 759403-02-6
• 化学式: CO₃*Co
• 分子量: 119.002
• InChiKey: ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -2.45
• 重原子数：
  5
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  63.2
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  3

ADMET

代谢

钴通过肺部、胃肠系统和皮肤被吸收。由于它是维生素B12（氰钴胺）的一个组成部分，因此它被分布到身体的大部分组织中。它在血液中运输，通常与白蛋白结合，肝脏和肾脏中的含量最高。钴主要通过尿液和粪便排出。

Cobalt is absorbed though the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. Since it is a component of the vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), it is distributed to most tissues of the body. It is transported in the blood, often bound to albumin, with the highest levels being found in the liver and kidney. Cobalt is excreted mainly in the urine and faeces. (L29)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

鉴定和使用：碳酸钴呈红色粉末或菱面体晶体。它用于陶瓷制造、钴颜料的制造和钴化合物的制备。人类暴露和毒性：在20世纪30年代和40年代，在一座钴催化剂工厂中，有四例因暴露于高浓度碳酸钴（0.4至5-10毫克钴/立方米）而导致的弥漫性间质性肺纤维化的致命病例被描述。对1940年之前在该工厂工作的其他工人的健康检查发现，支气管炎和肺功能测试显示的肺气肿征象的发病率非常高（68%）。动物研究：对于碳酸钴，在大鼠和小鼠中发现了一种低级别的腹膜内毒性。

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Cobaltous carbonate occurs as a red powder or rhombohedral crystals. It is used in ceramics, in the manufacture of cobalt pigments, and in the preparation of cobalt compounds. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Four fatal cases of diffuse interstitial lung-fibrosis have been described among workers who had been exposed to high concentration of cobalt carbonate, 0.4 up to 5-10 mg Co/cu m, in a cobalt catalyst plant during the 1930s and 1940s. Health exams of other workers who had been working in the plant before 1940 revealed a very high prevalence (68%) of bronchitis and signs of emphysema as evidenced by lung-function tests. ANIMAL STUDIES: For cobaltous carbonate, a low order of intraperitoneal toxicity was found in rats and mice.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

钴被认为通过氧化剂和自由基反应过程表现出其毒性。它能产生氧自由基，并且可能被氧化成离子态的钴，导致脂质过氧化增加、DNA损伤，并诱导某些酶，从而导致细胞凋亡。�alt还被证明能阻断无机钙通道，可能影响神经递质的传递。钴还能与硫辛酸螯合，影响丙酮酸或脂肪酸的氧化。此外，钴可能通过干扰锌指DNA修复蛋白来抑制DNA修复，还显示出能抑制血红素合成和葡萄糖代谢。钴可能激活特定的辅助T淋巴细胞，并直接与免疫蛋白相互作用，如抗体（IgA和IgE）或Fc受体，导致免疫致敏。

Cobalt is believed to exhibit its toxicity through a oxidant-based and free radical-based processes. It produces oxygen radicals and may be oxidized to ionic cobalt, causing increased lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and inducing certain enzymes that lead to cell apoptosis. Cobalt has also been shown to block inorganic calcium channels, possibly impairing neurotransmission. Cobalt can also chelate lipoic acids, impairing oxidation of pyruvate or fatty acids. In addition, cobalt may inhibit DNA repair by interacting with zinc finger DNA repair proteins, and has also been shown to inhibit heme synthesis and glucose metabolism. Cobalt may activate specific helper T-lymphocyte cells and interact directly with immunologic proteins, such as antibodies (IgA and IgE) or Fc receptors, resulting in immunosensitization. (L29)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

钴和钴化合物在人类中的致癌性证据不足。有充分证据表明钴金属粉末在实验动物中具有致癌性。有限证据显示含有钴、铬和钼的金属合金在实验动物中具有致癌性。总体评估：钴和钴化合物可能对人类具有致癌性（2B组）。/钴和钴化合物/

There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of cobalt and cobalt compounds in humans. There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of cobalt metal powder in experimental animals. There is limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of metal alloys containing cobalt, chromium and molybdenum in experimental animals. ... Overall Evaluation: Cobalt and cobalt compounds are possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). /Cobalt and cobalt compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

A3：已确认的动物致癌物，对人类的相关性未知。/钴和钴的无机化合物/

A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. /Cobalt and inorganic compounds, as Co/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

钴和释放钴离子的钴化合物根据实验动物致癌性研究的充分证据和对致癌机制研究的支持数据，可以合理预期为人类致癌物。/钴和钴化合物/

Cobalt and cobalt compounds that release cobalt ions in vivo are reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals and supporting data from studies on mechanisms of carcinogenesis. /Cobalt and cobalt compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  cobalt(II) carbonate 在 acetic acid 作用下， 以 not given 为溶剂， 生成 cobalt(II) acetate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Slyusarenko; Artemenko; Lapina, Soviet progress in chemistry, 1983, vol. 49, # 4, p. 8 - 12

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  cobalt(II) acetate 在 尿素 作用下， 以 水 为溶剂， 反应 11.5h， 生成 cobalt(II) carbonate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  The synthesis of porous Co3O4 micro cuboid structures by solvothermal approach and investigation of its gas sensing properties and catalytic activity

  摘要：

  The cobalt carbonate cuboids are prepared by adopting a simple solvothermal approach by using diethylene glycol and water in specific ratio as solvent. The prepared cobalt carbonate is subjected to different instrumentation to investigate its morphology and other properties. It is clear from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that the product is distinct cuboid in shape with a size of approximately 3 mu m from each face of the cube. Each particle of cuboid cobalt carbonate seems to comprise of layer by layer assembly of unit cells that consequently leads to a cuboid geometry. The cuboid cobalt carbonate was calcined at 700 degrees C in a furnace under argon atmosphere that decompose cobalt carbonate into porous Co3O4 with the loosely packed arrangement of nano architectures. The gas sensing properties and catalytic activity of porous cuboids Co3O4 are also investigated. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  DOI：

  10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.07.059
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  正丁醛 、 丁酸 在 氧气 、 cobalt(II) carbonate 作用下， 50.0 ℃ 、196.12 kPa 条件下， 生成 丁酸酐
  参考文献：
  名称：

  DE699709

  摘要：

  公开号：

文献信息

• Polymeric and bimetallic complexes of diisopropyl monothiophosphate
  作者：Julian R. Phillips、Julia C. Poat、Alexandra M. Z. Slawin、David J. Williams、Paul T. Wood、J. Derek Woollins

  DOI：10.1039/dt9950002369

  日期：——

  The single stage preparation of M[O(S)P(OPri)2]n(n= 2, M = Zn 1, Co 2 or Cd 3; n= 1, M = NH4+4) from HPO(OPri)2, sulfur and ZnO, CoCO3, CdCO3 or NH3 has been achieved. The reaction of 1 with cis-[PtCl2(PMe2Ph)2] and [PPh4][MCl3(PMe2Ph)](M = Pt or Pd) gave [(PMe2Ph)2PtO(S)P(OPri)2}2ZnCl2]5 and [(PMe2Ph)MO(S)P(OPri)2}3ZnCl](M = Pd 6 or Pt 7) respectively. The crystal structures of 3, 6 and 7 have been

  从HPO（OPr）一步制备M [O（S）P（OPr i）2 ] n（n = 2，M = Zn 1，Co 2或Cd 3 ; n = 1，M = NH 4 + 4）i）2，已获得硫和ZnO，CoCO 3，CdCO 3或NH 3。的反应1与顺式[氯铂酸- 2（PME 2 PH）2 ]和[PPH 4 ] [的MC1 3（PME 2Ph）]（M = Pt或Pd）得到[（PMe 2 Ph）2 Pt O（S）P（OPr i）2 } 2 ZnCl 2 ] 5和[（PMe 2 Ph）M O（S）P （OPr i）2 } 3 ZnCl]（M = Pd 6或Pt 7）。已经确定了3、6和7的晶体结构。镉络合物3以Cd 2 [O（S）P（OPr i）2 ] 3单元的形式存在，并通过其他单硫代磷酸酯配体连接到聚合物链中。复合体6和7是同构的，并包含与方形铂原子连接的四面体锌中心，而聚合物的形成受PMe 2 Ph配体的存在抑制。
• The synthesis and selected properties of Co2InV3O11
  作者：Monika Bosacka

  DOI：10.1007/s10973-006-8052-x

  日期：2007.4

  It has been demonstrated that Co2V2O7 and InVO4 react with each other forming a new compound of the Co2InV3O11 formula, when their molar ratio is equal to 1:1, or among CoCO3, In2O3 and V2O5, mixed at a molar ratio of 4:1:3. This compound melts incongruently at the temperature of 960±5°C, depositing crystals of InVO4. It crystallizes in the triclinic system and the unit cell parameters amount to: a

  已经证明，当Co 2 V 2 O 7和InVO 4的摩尔比等于1：1时，或者在CoCO 3，In 2之间时，Co 2 V 2 O 7和InVO 4相互反应形成Co 2 InV 3 O 11式的新化合物。O 3和V 2 O 5以4：1：3的摩尔比混合。该化合物在960±5°C的温度下熔融不均匀，沉积InVO 4晶体。它在三斜晶系系统中结晶，晶胞参数总计为： a = 0.6524（6）nm， b = 0.6885（5）nm， c ＝ 1.0290（4）nm，α＝ 96.5°，β＝ 104.1°，γ＝ 100.9°， Z ＝ 2。描述了在Co 2 V 2 O 7 -InVO 4系统中在直至固相线的整个组分浓度范围内建立的相平衡。
• Cation Distribution and Local Configuration of Fe2+ Ions in Structurally Nonequivalent Lattice Sites of Heterometallic Fe(II)/M(II) (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) Diaquadiformato Complexes
  作者：M. Devillers、J. Ladrière

  DOI：10.1006/jssc.1993.1092

  日期：1993.3

  57Fe Mössbauer investigations are carried out on a wide series of heterometallic diaquadiformato Fe(II)/M(II) complexes with M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn to provide a local picture of the coordination environment of the 57Fe2+ ions as a function of (i) the nature of the host cation and (ii) the relative amounts of both metals in the matrix (between 50 and 0.25 at.% Fe). Information is obtained on the

  57次铁穆斯堡尔调查是对广泛系列异金属diaquadiformato的情况下进行的Fe（II）/中号（II）配合物中号=锰，钴，镍，铜，锌，以提供的配位环境的局部图像57的Fe 2+离子作为宿主阳离子和（ii）的相对量在基质两种金属的（50和0.25之间。％的Fe）的（i）的性质的函数。获得有关两种金属在两个结构上不等价的晶格位点之间的定量分布以及每个晶体位点中掺杂原子周围的局部几何结构的信息。在混合的Fe-Cu络合物中。的Fe 2+离子在tetrahydrated站点优先结合; 在铜富含Fe的XCu 1- x（HCO 2）2 ·2H 2 O，位于六甲酸酯配位位的57 Fe 2+离子被甲酸酯配体的轴向压缩八面体包围，这与在纯铁化合物和在其他混合系统中。根据四极分裂值的温度依赖性，提出了四方场分裂和金属-配体相互作用程度的半定量估计。
• Ordered Olivine‐Type Lithium–Cobalt and Lithium–Nickel Phosphates Prepared by a New Precursor Method
  作者：Violeta Koleva、Ekaterina Zhecheva、Radostina Stoyanova

  DOI：10.1002/ejic.201000400

  日期：2010.9

  deprotonated. For the Co precursor the formate and phosphates ions are randomly coordinated to both Co and Li cations, whereas for the Ni precursor there is a preferential coordination of the formate and phosphate ions around the Ni 2+ and Li + ion, respectively. Thermal treatment of the precursors yields single phases of olivine-type LiCoPO 4 at 450 °C and LiNiP0 4 at 700 °C. Structural analysis evidences

  橄榄石型LiCoPO 4 和LiNiPO 4 的单相是通过对均相锂金属磷酸盐甲酸盐前体进行热处理合成的，该前体是通过冷冻干燥相应金属甲酸盐和LiH 2 PO 4 的水溶液而获得的。通过红外光谱、DTA 和 SEM 研究了前驱体的结构、热行为和形貌。钴和镍磷酸甲酸前体的组成为 LiMH x (PO 4 )(HCOO) x ·yH 2 O，其中甲酸和磷酸基团主要去质子化。对于 Co 前驱体，甲酸根离子和磷酸根离子与 Co 和 Li 阳离子随机配位，而对于 Ni 前驱体，甲酸根和磷酸根离子分别优先配位在 Ni 2+ 和 Li + 离子周围。前体的热处理在 450°C 下产生橄榄石型 LiCoPO 4 和在 700°C 下的 LiNiPO 4 单相。结构分析表明，LiCoPO 4 和LiNiPO 4 都具有有序的橄榄石型结构，在金属位置和锂缺乏之间没有任何Li到M的紊乱。已经讨论了冻干溶液浓度和退火温度对LiCoPO
• Surface analysis of transition metal oxalates: Damage aspects
  作者：S.P. Chenakin、R. Szukiewicz、R. Barbosa、N. Kruse

  DOI：10.1016/j.elspec.2016.04.001

  日期：2016.5

  Abstract The behavior of transition metal oxalates in vacuum, under X-ray irradiation and low-energy Ar+ ion bombardment was studied. A comparative mass-spectrometric analysis was carried out of gas evolution from the surface of Mn, Co, Ni and Cu oxalate hydrates in vacuum, during exposure to X-rays and after termination of X-ray irradiation. The rates of H2O and CO2 liberation from the oxalates were

  摘要 研究了过渡金属草酸盐在真空、X 射线辐照和低能 Ar+ 离子轰击下的行为。对真空中 Mn、Co、Ni 和 Cu 草酸盐水合物表面在暴露于 X 射线期间和终止 X 射线照射后的气体逸出进行了比较质谱分析。发现草酸盐释放 H2O 和 CO2 的速率分别与脱水和分解温度呈负相关。X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS) 用于通过测量各种 XP 光谱特征和草酸盐的表面组成作为 X 射线暴露时间的函数来研究 NiC2O4 和 CuC2O4 中 X 射线诱导的损伤。结果表明，草酸铜的降解速度明显快于草酸镍，并表现出从 Cu2+ 到 Cu1+ 化学状态的高度 X 射线诱导还原。发现 CoC2O4 的 500 eV Ar+ 溅射清洁 10 分钟会引起草酸盐结构的强烈转变，这表现为 XP 核能级和价带光谱的明显改变。对化学计量变化的分析以及轰击草酸盐的 XP 光谱与参考碳酸盐 CoCO3 的相应光谱的比较表明，轰击诱导的

表征谱图