trimethylantimony(V) dibromide | 91002-43-6

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机金属化合物 - 有机类金属化合物
• 英文名称: trimethylantimony(V) dibromide
• 英文别名: Trimethylantimondibromid；Trimethyl-stibin-dibromid；Trimethylantimony dibromide；dibromo(trimethyl)-λ5-stibane
• CAS: 91002-43-6
• 化学式: C₃H₉Br₂Sb
• 分子量: 326.662
• InChiKey: HGGPVCKBWYYOBU-UHFFFAOYSA-L

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  3.06
• 重原子数：
  6
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  1.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

锑在人体内广泛分布。头发和皮肤含有最高的锑水平。肾上腺、肺、大肠、气管、小脑和肾脏也含有相对较高的锑。血液是将吸收的锑运输到身体各个组织隔室的主要载体。锑是一种金属，因此不会发生分解代谢。锑可以与巯基和磷酸共价相互作用，以及与许多内源性配体（例如，蛋白质）进行可逆的绑定相互作用。目前尚不清楚这些相互作用在毒理学上是否具有重要意义。锑通过尿液和粪便排出。部分粪便中的锑可能代表未被吸收的锑，这些锑通过粘液纤毛活动从肺部清除到食管，再进入消化道。溴主要通过吸入吸收，但也可以通过皮肤接触进入人体。溴盐可以摄入。由于溴的反应性，它很快形成溴化物，并可能沉积在组织中，取代其他卤素。（L626, L741）

Antimony is widely distributed throughout the body. The hair and skin contain the highest levels of antimony. The adrenal glands, lung, large intestine, trachea, cerebellum, and kidneys also contain relatively high levels of antimony. Blood is the main vehicle for the transport of absorbed antimony to various tissue compartments of the body. Antimony is a metal and, therefore, does not undergo catabolism. Antimony can covalently interact with sulfhydryl groups and phosphate, as well as numerous reversible binding interactions with endogenous ligands (e.g., proteins). It is not known if these interactions are toxicologically significant. Antimony is excreted via the urine and feces. Some of the fecal antimony may represent unabsorbed antimony that is cleared from the lung via mucociliary action into the esophagus to the gastrointestinal tract. Bromine is mainly absorbed via inhalation, but may also enter the body through dermal contact. Bromine salts can be ingested. Due to its reactivity, bromine quickly forms bromide and may be deposited in the tissues, displacing other halogens. (L626, L741)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

吸入数据显示，心肌是锑中毒的目标。锑可能通过干扰糖原分解和糖异生途径的酶来影响循环中的葡萄糖。锑的作用机制尚不清楚。然而，一些研究表明，锑与包括对组织呼吸重要的几种酶在内的巯基团结合。BAL的解毒作用取决于其防止或打断锑与关键酶结合的能力。此外，死亡原因被认为是与急性砷中毒基本相同。溴是一种强大的氧化剂，能够从粘膜的水分中释放氧自由基。这些自由基也是强氧化剂，能产生组织损伤。此外，氢溴酸和溴酸的形成将导致二次刺激。溴离子也被知道会影响中枢神经系统，导致溴中毒。这被认为是溴离子替代神经递质和传输系统中的氯离子的结果，从而影响许多突触过程。（L626，L627，A543，L741，T18，A238）

The inhalation data suggests that the myocardium is a target of antimony toxicity. It is possible that antimony affects circulating glucose by interfering with enzymes of the glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways. The mechanism of action of antimony remains unclear. However, some studies suggest that antimony combines with sulfhydryl groups including those in several enzymes important for tissue respiration. The antidotal action of BAL depends on its ability to prevent or break the union between antimony and vital enzymes. Moreover, the The cause of death is believed to be essentially the same as that in acute arsenic poisoning. Bromine is a powerful oxidizing agent and is able to release oxygen free radicals from the water in mucous membranes. These free radicals are also potent oxidizers and produce tissue damage. In additon, the formation of hydrobromic and bromic acids will result in secondary irritation. The bromide ion is also known to affect the central nervous system, causing bromism. This is believed to be a result of bromide ions substituting for chloride ions in the in actions of neurotransmitters and transport systems, thus affecting numerous synaptic processes. (L626, L627, A543, L741, T18, A238)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

无致癌性迹象（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity (not listed by IARC). (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

皮肤接触锑可以导致锑斑（围绕汗腺和皮脂腺的丘疹和脓疱）。锑中毒还可能导致肺尘埃沉着病。吸入锑可能导致肺部功能改变和其他影响，包括慢性支气管炎、慢性肺气肿、活动性肺结核、胸膜粘连和刺激。锑中毒还可能导致血压升高。心肌抑制、血管扩张和体液流失可能导致低血压、电解质紊乱和急性肾衰竭的休克。脑水肿、昏迷、抽搐和死亡也是可能的。溴蒸气会引起刺激和对粘膜的直接损害。元素溴也会烧伤皮肤。溴离子是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂，长期接触会产生神经效应。这被称为溴中毒，可能导致从中枢反应到昏迷、恶病质、昏迷、反射丧失或病理性反射、阵挛性惊厥、震颤、共济失调、神经敏感性丧失、麻痹、眼乳头水肿、异常言语、脑水肿、谵妄、攻击性和精神病的各种反应。（L625，L626，L627，L741）

Dermal exposure to antimony can cause antimony spots (papules and pustules around sweat and sebaceous glands). Antimony poisoning can also lead to pneumoconiosis. Alterations in pulmonary function and other effects including chronic bronchitis, chronic emphysema, inactive tuberculosis, pleural adhesions, and irritation can result from inhalation of antimony. Increased blood pressure can also result from antimony poisoning. Myocardial depression, vasodilation and fluid loss may cause shock with hypotension, electrolyte disturbances and acute renal failure. Cerebral oedema, coma, convulsions, and death are possible. Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Elemental bromine also burns the skin. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant and chronic exposure produces neuronal effects. This is called bromism and can result in central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia, loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, delirium, aggressiveness, and psychoses. (L625, L626, L627, L741)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L626）；吸入（L626）；皮肤给药（L626）

Oral (L626) ; inhalation (L626) ; dermal (L626)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

腹部疼痛、呕吐、腹泻可能是由吸入锑引起的。呼吸困难、头痛、呕吐、咳嗽、结膜炎和鼻出血脓性分泌物可能是由吸入暴露引起的。皮肤或眼睛接触可能会导致暴露表面疼痛和发红。溴蒸汽会引起刺激和对粘膜的直接损害。症状包括流泪、流鼻涕、眼睛刺激伴有来自口咽部和上呼吸道的粘液分泌物、咳嗽、呼吸困难、窒息、喘息、鼻出血和头痛。溴化物离子是一种中枢神经系统抑制剂，可导致共济失调、言语不清、震颤、恶心、呕吐、乏力、眩晕、视觉障碍、不稳、头痛、记忆和注意力受损、定向障碍和幻觉。这被称为溴中毒。(L626, L627, T64, L49)

Abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea can result from inhalation of antimony. Dyspnea, headache, vomiting,cough, conjunctivitis, and bloody purulent discharge from nose can result from inhalation exposure. Skin or eye contact can cause pain and redness of the exposed surface. Bromine vapour causes irritation and direct damage to the mucous membranes. Symptoms include lacrimation, rhinorrhoea, eye irritation with mucous secretions from the oropharyngeal and upper airways, coughing, dyspnoea, choking, wheezing, epistaxis, and headache. The bromide ion is a central nervous system depressant producing ataxia, slurred speech, tremor, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, dizziness, visual disturbances, unsteadiness, headaches, impaired memory and concentration, disorientation and hallucinations. This is called bromism. (L626, L627, T64, L49)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  trimethylantimony(V) dibromide 以85%的产率得到二甲基溴化锑
  参考文献：
  名称：

  除碳以外的其他元素的过氧化物。第十七部分。三烷基stibines和三烷基bismuthines与叔丁基过氧化氢和氧气的反应

  摘要：

  叔丁基氢过氧化物与三烷基stibines R 3 M反应，生成相应的氧化锑，R 3 MO，但与三烷基双变色氨酸生成RO·OBu t，ROH和ROR等产物。认为这两个反应都涉及中间体金属离子R 3 MOH，当M = Sb时，它对H发生亲核攻击，而当M = Bi时，对R发生亲核攻击。

  DOI：

  10.1039/j39710001660
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  溴 在 magnesium 作用下， 以 乙醚 、 四氢呋喃 为溶剂， 反应 2.17h， 以71%的产率得到trimethylantimony(V) dibromide
  参考文献：
  名称：

  ORGANIC ANTIMONY COMPOUND, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, LIVING RADICAL POLYMERIZATION INITIATOR, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING POLYMER USING THE SAME, AND POLYMER

  摘要：

  公开号：

  EP1767539B1

文献信息

• Antimonial Analogues of the Cacodyl Series
  作者：G. T. MORGAN、G. R. DAVIES

  DOI：10.1038/116499c0

  日期：1925.10

  IN view of the interest now manifested in organic derivatives of antimony, we desire to place on record our discovery of the antimonial analogues of the cacodyl series on which we have been engaged during the last three years.

  鉴于现在对锑的有机衍生物表现出的兴趣，我们希望将我们在过去三年中一直从事的 cacodyl 系列的锑类似物的发现记录在案。
• Construction of supramolecular copper architecture via tetrahedral Cu(CN)4 building blocks and trigonal bipyramidal [R3Sn] connecting units
  作者：Amany M.A Ibrahim

  DOI：10.1016/s0022-328x(97)00703-1

  日期：1998.4

  The self assembly of the pyramidal tetrahedral Cu(CN)4 building blocks, the trigonal bipyramidal [R3Sn] connecting units and the guest–template–cations leads to the construction of new types of non-interpenetrating polymeric networks. Twelve polymers have been prepared, most of them, according to the desired stoichiometry while polymers 9–12 represent binuclear copper compounds. These polymers are

  金字塔四面体Cu（CN）4构件，三角双锥体[R 3 Sn]连接单元和来宾-模板-阳离子的自组装导致构建了新型的非互穿聚合物网络。根据所需的化学计量，已经制备了十二种聚合物，其中大多数是聚合物，而聚合物9-12则代表双核铜化合物。当不使用合适的空间要求的烷基时，形成这些聚合物。通过元素分析，IR和拉曼光谱，热分析和NMR光谱确认了所研究聚合物的结构。
• Novel trinuclear organoantimony compounds
  作者：N. K. Jha、Pankaj Sharma

  DOI：10.1039/c39920001447

  日期：——

  Novel trinuclear organoantimony compounds containing two Sb–Sb bonds have been synthesised and characterised.

  新型的含两个Sb-Sb键的三核有机锑化合物已被合成并表征。
• Triorganoantimony(V) complexes with internally functionallized oximes: synthetic, spectroscopic and structural aspects of [R3Sb(Br)L], [R3Sb(OH)L] and [R3SbL2], crystal and molecular structures of [Me3Sb{ONC(Me)C4H3O}2], [Me3Sb{ONC(Me)C4H3S}2], 2-OC4H3C(Me)NOH and 2-SC4H3C(Me)NOH
  作者：Anjali Gupta、Rajnish K Sharma、Rakesh Bohra、Vimal K Jain、John E Drake、Michael B Hursthouse、Mark E Light

  DOI：10.1016/s0022-328x(01)01338-9

  日期：2002.2

  hydrolysis of 1 (R=Pri; Ar=C5H4N). All of these complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, and IR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopic studies. Crystal structures of [Me3SbONC(Me)C4H3O-2}2] (3), [Me3SbONC(Me)C4H3S-2}2] (4) 2-OC4H3C(Me)NOH (5) and 2-SC4H3C(Me)NOH (6) are reported. The geometry around the antimony atom in 3 and 4 is distorted trigonal bipyramidal with the carbon atoms of

  具有内部功能化的[R 3 Sb ONC（Me）Ar} 2 ]型肟的三有机锑（V）络合物（1）[R = Me，Pr i ; Ar ＝ C 5 H 4 N，C 4 H 3 S，C 4 H 3 O]是通过R 3 SbBr 2与相应的肟在无水苯中以1：2的摩尔比反应制备的。用一当量的R 3 SbX 2处理1得到重分布产物[R 3 Sb（X）ONC（Me）Ar}]（2）[X =（a）：Br，（b）：OH]。还可以通过控制水解1（R = Pr i ; Ar = C 5 H 4 N）来获得R 3 Sb（OH）L 。所有这些络合物均已通过元素分析，IR和NMR（1 H和13 C）光谱研究进行了表征。[Me 3 Sb ONC（Me）C 4 H 3 O-2} 2 ]（3），[Me 3 Sb ONC（Me）C 4 H 3 S-2} 2 ]的晶体结构（4）2-OC 4 H 3 C（Me）NOH（报道了5）和2-SC
• <i>ortho</i> ‐Directed Metathetical Fluoride/Amide Exchange in (Pentafluorophenyl)amides
  作者：Pavel L. Shutov、Sergey S. Karlov、Klaus Harms、Maxim V. Zabalov、Jörg Sundermeyer、Jörg Lorberth、Galina S. Zaitseva

  DOI：10.1002/ejic.200700772

  日期：2007.12

  the products of intramolecular ortho-directed exchange of NMe2 and F substituents, are obtained from the reaction of 2 with 1 or 2 equiv. of 1, respectively. The reaction between Me3Sb(Hal)2 [Hal = Br (7) Cl, (8)] and 1 or 2 equiv. of lithium salt 4 gives the corresponding stable monoamides [Me3(Hal)SbN(C6F5)(2-C5H4N)}] [Hal = Br (17), Cl (18)] or bis(amide) [Me3SbN(C6F5)(2-C5H4N)}2] (19), respectively

  铟三(酰胺)s [(Et2N)3–nInN(C6F5)(2-C5H4N)}n] [n = 1 (15), 2 (16) or 3 (9)] [In(NEt2)3]2 (3) 与化学计量量的 (2-C5H4N)(C6F5)NH (1)。Bi(NMe2)3 (2) 与 3 当量的类似反应。胺 1 和 BiCl3 (5) 用化学计量量的 (2-C5H4N)(C6F5)NLi (4) 处理都导致 [BiN(C6F5)(2-C5H4N)}3] (10)。相比之下，只有二氟化物 11 或一氟化物 12，它们是 NMe2 和 F 取代基的分子内邻位定向交换的产物，从 2 与 1 或 2 当量的反应中获得。分别为 1。Me3Sb(Hal)2 [Hal = Br (7) Cl, (8)] 和 1 或 2 当量之间的反应。锂盐 4 得到相应的稳定单酰胺 [Me3(Hal)SbN(C6F5)(2-C5H4N)}]

表征谱图