Synthesis of Trifluorovinyl Ethers Incorporating Functionalized Hydrocarbon Ether Groups: Insight into the Mechanism of Trifluorovinyl Ether Formation from Trimethylsilyl 2-Alkoxy-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropionates
作者:Robert D. Lousenberg、Molly S. Shoichet
DOI:10.1021/jo971319d
日期:1997.10.1
Novel trifluorovinyl ethers (TFVEs, ROCF=CF2), where R is an oligoether, were synthesized from the corresponding sodium alkoxide and hexafluoropropene oxide. The sodium alkoxide ring opened hexafluoropropene oxide at the more highly substituted carbon (C2) to give the 2-alkoxy-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropionic acid ester incorporating 2 equiv of the alcohol, ROCF(CFB)CO2R. Hydrolysis of the ester and reaction of the resulting sodium 2-alkoxy-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropionate with chlorotrimethylsilane gave the trimethylsilyl 2-alkoxy-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropionate, ROCF(CF3)CO2-Si(CH3)(3). Gas phase vacuum thermolysis of the trimethylsilyl ester at 140-150 degrees C gave the corresponding TFVEs in 55-63% yields. Thus, 1-[2-(ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-1,2,2-trifluoroethene and 1-[2-(2-tert-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-1,2,2-trifluoroethene were synthesized from 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol and 2-(2-tert-butoxyethoxy)ethanol, respectively. Interestingly, thermolysis of sodium or potassium 2-alkoxy-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropionates resulted in negligible to low yields of TFVEs.(1) For example, thermolysis of sodium 2-[2-(ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropionate gave a trifluoroacetate ester, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl trifluoroacetate. Variable temperature F-19 NMR spectroscopy of trimethylsilyl 2-[2-(ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropionate suggests that an equilibrium exists between two structural conformations of these trimethylsilyl esters: one in which there is an intramolecular ''interaction'' of silicon with fluorine and one in which there is no silicon-fluorine interaction. This interaction may affect the outcome of the trimethylsilyl ester thermolysis.