(11S,13S)-3-Amino-5,12,13,14-tetrahydroxy-14-(hydroxymethyl)-8,10-dioxa-2-aza-4-azoniatetracyclo[7.3.1.17,11.01,6]tetradec-3-en-9-olate

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机杂环化合物 - 二氮杂萘
• 英文名称: (11S,13S)-3-Amino-5,12,13,14-tetrahydroxy-14-(hydroxymethyl)-8,10-dioxa-2-aza-4-azoniatetracyclo[7.3.1.17,11.01,6]tetradec-3-en-9-olate
• 化学式: C11H17N3O8
• 分子量: 319.27
• InChiKey: SLBCPBUVHCASIJ-UFHSVNPDSA-O

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -4.8
• 重原子数：
  22
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  5.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.91
• 拓扑面积：
  195
• 氢给体数：
  8
• 氢受体数：
  8

ADMET

代谢

四碘毒素的代谢来源尚不确定。尚未发现藻类来源，直到最近，四碘毒素还被认为是宿主的代谢产物。然而，最近的报告指出，几种细菌，包括弧菌科、假单胞菌和发光杆菌属的菌株，能够产生四碘毒素/无水四碘毒素，这一发现指向了这类毒素的细菌来源。

The metabolic source of tetrodotoxin is uncertain. No algal source has been identified, and until recently tetrodotoxin was assumed to be a metabolic product of the host. However, recent reports of the production of tetrodotoxin/anhydrotetrodotoxin by several bacterial species, including strains of the family Vibrionaceae, Pseudomonas sp., and Photobacterium phosphoreum, point toward a bacterial origin of this family of toxins (L1067).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

四箭毒蛙毒素（Tetrodotoxin）结合的是所谓的快速电压门控钠通道的1号位点。1号位点位于离子通道的细胞外孔隙开口处。任何分子与这个位点的结合都会暂时使离子通道的功能失效。石房蛤毒素（Saxitoxin）和几种芋螺毒素（Conotoxins）也会结合到同一个位点。

Tetrodotoxin binds to what is known as site 1 of the fast voltage-gated sodium channel. Site 1 is located at the extracellular pore opening of the ion channel. The binding of any molecules to this site will temporarily disable the function of the ion channel. Saxitoxin and several of the conotoxins also bind the same site.

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

四氢毒蜥素是一种强效的神经毒素，能导致瘫痪，随后可能因呼吸衰竭而死亡。

Tetrodoxin is a potent neurotoxin and produces paralysis, which may be followed by death due to respiratory failure. (L1060)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L1060）；注射（刺伤/咬伤）（L1060）

Oral (L1060) ; injection (sting/bite) (L1060)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

四氧化二砷中毒的症状通常在接触后30分钟内出现，包括嘴唇和舌头的刺痛感、流涎、出汗、头痛、虚弱、乏力、共济失调、不协调、震颤、瘫痪、发绀、失声、吞咽困难、癫痫、呼吸困难、支气管分泌增多、支气管痉挛、呼吸衰竭、昏迷和低血压。胃肠症状通常很严重，包括恶心、呕吐、腹泻和腹痛。心脏心律失常可能发生在完全呼吸衰竭和心血管崩溃之前。

Symptoms of tetrodoxin poisoning typically occur within 30 minutes of exposure and include paresthesias of the lips and tongue, sialorrhea, sweating, headache, weakness, lethargy, ataxia, uncoordination, tremor, paralysis, cyanosis, aphonia, dysphagia, seizures, dyspnoea, bronchorrhea, bronchospasm, respiratory failure, coma, and hypotension. Gastroenteric symptoms are often severe and include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and abdominal pain. Cardiac arrhythmias may precede complete respiratory failure and cardiovascular collapse. (L1060)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

文献信息

• REDUCTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYMPTOMS
  申请人：CV THERAPEUTICS, INC.

  公开号：EP2101775A1

  公开（公告）日：2009-09-23
• [EN] REDUCTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYMPTOMS<br/>[FR] RÉDUCTION DE SYMPTÔMES CARDIOVASCULAIRES
  申请人：CV THERAPEUTICS INC

  公开号：WO2008080012A1

  公开（公告）日：2008-07-03

  [EN] The present application discloses methods for treating patients with a dysfunction of the ion channels of the heart suffering from one or more cardiovascular diseases to reduce the proarrhythmic effect of drugs and/or conditions that reduce or inhibit I_kr.
  [FR] L'invention concerne des procédés de traitement de patients présentant un dysfonctionnement des canaux ioniques du c ur et souffrant d'une ou plusieurs pathologies cardiovasculaires pour réduire l'effet proarythmique de médicaments et/ou d'affections qui réduisent ou inhibent I_kr.