Methods of Chemical Synthesis and Purification of Diaminophenothiazinium Compounds Including Methylthioninium Chloride (Mtc)
申请人:Storey John Mervyn David
公开号:US20080207603A1
公开(公告)日:2008-08-28
This invention pertains generally to the field of chemical synthesis and purification, and more specifically to methods of synthesizing and purifying certain 3,7 diamino-phenothiazin-5-ium compounds (referred to herein as “diaminophenothiazinium compounds”) including Methylthioninium Chloride (MTC) (also known as Methylene Blue). In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of, in order: nitrosylation (NOS); nitrosyl reduction (NR); thiosulfonic acid formation (TSAF); oxidative coupling (OC); Cr(VI) reduction (CR); isolation and purification of zwitterionic intermediate (IAPOZI); ring closure (RC); chloride salt formation (CSF); one of: sulphide treatment (ST); dimethyldithiocarbamate treatment (DT); carbonate treatment (CT); ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatment (EDTAT); organic extraction (OE); and recrystallisation (RX). The present invention also pertains to the resulting (high purity) compounds, compositions comprising them (e.g., tablets, capsules), and their use in methods of inactivating pathogens, and methods of medical treatment and diagnosis, etc., for example, for tauopathies, Alzheimer's disease (AD), skin cancer, melanoma, viral diseases, bacterial diseases, or protozoal diseases. Wherein: each of R
1
and R
9
is independently selected from: —H; C
1-4
alkenyl; and halogenated C
1-4
alkyl; each of R
3NA
and R
3NB
is independently selected from: C
1-4
alkyl; C
2-4
alkenyl; and halogenated C
4-1
alkyl; each of R
7NA
and R
7NB
is independently selected from: C
1-4
alkyl; C
2-4
alkenyl; and halogenated C
1-4
alkyl; and X is one or more anionic counter ions to achieve electrical neutrality.
本发明涉及化学合成和纯化领域,更具体地涉及合成和纯化某些3,7-二氨基苯并噻吩-5-ium化合物(以下简称“二氨基苯并噻吩化合物”),包括氯甲亚蓝(MTC)(也称为亚甲蓝)的方法。在一种实施例中,该方法依次包括以下步骤:亚硝基化(NOS);亚硝基还原(NR);硫代磺酸酯形成(TSAF);氧化偶合(OC);Cr(VI)还原(CR);离子对中间体的分离和纯化(IAPOZI);环闭合(RC);氯化物盐形成(CSF);其中之一:硫化物处理(ST);二甲基二硫脲处理(DT);碳酸盐处理(CT);乙二胺四乙酸处理(EDTAT);有机萃取(OE);和再结晶(RX)。本发明还涉及所得到的(高纯度)化合物,包括它们的组合物(例如,片剂,胶囊),以及它们在灭活病原体,医疗治疗和诊断等方法中的使用,例如,用于tau病理,阿尔茨海默病(AD),皮肤癌,黑色素瘤,病毒性疾病,细菌性疾病或原虫性疾病。其中:R1和R9各自独立地选自:—H;C1-4烯基;和卤代C1-4烷基;R3NA和R3NB各自独立地选自:C1-4烷基;C2-4烯基;和卤代C4-1烷基;R7NA和R7NB各自独立地选自:C1-4烷基;C2-4烯基;和卤代C1-4烷基;X是一个或多个阴离子对以达到电中性。