Efficient Hydrogenation of Sterically Hindered Olefins with Borane−Methyl Sulfide Complex
作者:R. Rathore、U. Weigand、J. K. Kochi
DOI:10.1021/jo960357e
日期:1996.1.1
Sterically hindered olefins are efficiently reduced to the corresponding alkanes by the borane-methyl sulfide (BMS) complex at room temperature (or below) in dichloromethane containing a mild one-electron oxidant (such as an aromatic cation radical) or by the passage of an anodic current. In an alternative procedure, the hydrogenation of the same (electron-rich) olefins with the EMS complex (in the absence of a one-electron oxidant) is also carried out-in the presence of a strong Bronsted acid (such as HBF4). In the oxidative activation, olefin cation radicals are the first observable intermediates, and separate experiments (including transient electrochemistry) confirm the facile reduction of the olefin cation radical by borane to produce the corresponding alkane. The direct protonation of olefins produces carbocationic intermediates which are also efficiently reduced by borane to the corresponding alkanes. The intermediacy of both olefin cation radicals and carbocations in the hydrogenation procedure with borane is discussed.
Potent Estrogen Receptor Ligands Based on Bisphenols with a Globular Hydrophobic Core
Candidate estrogen receptor (ER) ligands with two phenolic residues on a three-dimensional hydrophobic core structure (carborane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octene, or adamantane) were synthesized and biologically evaluated. The biological properties of the ligands were markedly dependent on the nature of the hydrophobic core structure. Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-o-carborane (6) was a partial agonist/antagonist for ER. 1,2Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octene (10) exhibited potent agonist activity for ER, even though the two phenolic groups are located similarly to those of 6.