In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.
Manipulating Micellar Environments for Enhancing Transition Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings in Water at Room Temperature
作者:Bruce H. Lipshutz、Subir Ghorai、Wendy Wen Yi Leong、Benjamin R. Taft、Daniel V. Krogstad
DOI:10.1021/jo200746y
日期:2011.6.17
The remarkable effects of added salts on the properties of aqueous micelles derived from the amphiphile PTS are described. Most notably, Heck reactions run in the presence of NaCl lead to couplings on aryl bromides in water at roomtemperature. Olefin cross- and ring-closingmetathesis reactions run in the presence of small amounts of pH-lowering KHSO4 are also accelerated, another phenomenon that
Heck Couplings at Room Temperature in Nanometer Aqueous Micelles
作者:Bruce H. Lipshutz、Benjamin R. Taft
DOI:10.1021/ol702755g
日期:2008.4.1
or the vitamin E-based PTS, both of which form nanomicelles in water, promotes Heck cross-couplings of non-water-soluble partners at ambient temperatures. These are the first examples of Heck reactions conducted in water (as the only solvent) at roomtemperature.
In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.