The chemicalbathdeposition of metalsulfide, especially CdS, is the most common way of growing buffer layers in the chalcopyrite photovoltaic solar cells. From the kinetic point of view, the reactions should always be reproducible with the same initial reactant concentration of thiourea, ammonia, and cadmium salt, the same temperature, and the same deposition time. But different reaction kinetics
Here, we demonstrate a novel solution-based route for deposition of tin monosulfide (SnS) thin films, which are emerging, non-toxic absorber materials for low-cost and large-scale PV applications, via thermo-reducing Sn(iv) to Sn(ii).