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腙是由醛或酮的羰基 (>C=O) 与一分子肼 (NH2NH2) 或取代肼(如苯肼 C6H5NHNH2)作用而成的缩合物。其中,醛和肼生成的缩合物称为醛腙,例如乙醛苯腙 CH3CH=NNH-C6H5;酮和肼生成的缩合物则称为酮腙,例如丙酮苯腙 (CH3)2C=NNH-C6H5。

大多数苯腙是白色固体,具有固定的结晶形态与熔点。在稀酸中水解,腙可分解为原来的肼及相应的醛或酮。因此,生成腙的反应是一种常用的方法,用于鉴定、分离和提纯醛、酮类化合物。

中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式
—— (E)-(anthracen-9-ylmethylene)hydrazine 7512-18-7 C15H12N2
—— N-[(Z)-furan-2-ylmethylideneamino]-N-methylmethanamine 14064-21-2 C7H10N2O
—— (Z)-1-pyridin-4-yl-N-[(Z)-pyridin-4-ylmethylideneamino]methanimine 6957-22-8 C12H10N4
—— 2-Propenal, 2-methyl-, (2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazone (9CI); Methacrylaldehyde, (2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazone (6CI,7CI,8CI); Methacrolein 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone; NSC 29734 5077-73-6 C10H10N4O4
—— 1-Methyl-4-(phenylazo)-quinoliniumperchlorate 67-28-7 C7H7N3O4
—— benquinox 495-73-8 C13H11N3O2
—— acrolein (2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazone 888-54-0 C9H8N4O4
—— 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of methacrolein 5077-73-6 C10H10N4O4
—— 4-ethanesulfonyl-benzaldehyde-thiosemicarbazone 121-55-1 C10H13N3O2S2
—— (1E,2E)-1,2-bis(furan-2-ylmethylene)hydrazine 5428-37-5 C10H8N2O2
—— propanal 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazone 725-00-8 C9H10N4O4
—— difurazone 804-36-4 C14H12N6O6
—— 1,1-dimethyl-2-(2-methylallylidene)hydrazine 25368-52-9 C5H10N2
—— 4-methyl-N'-(1-phenylbutylidene)benzenesulfonohydrazide 41780-81-8 C17H20N2O2S
—— {3<i>t</i>-(5-nitro-[2]furyl)-1-[<i>trans</i>-2-(5-nitro-furyl)-vinyl]-allylidenamino}-guanidine; hydrochloride 2315-20-0 C14H12N6O6*ClH
—— 2-(1-(2-phenylhydrazono)ethyl)aniline 40754-13-0 C14H15N3
—— 1-dimethylamino-1-azabuta-1,3-diene 25368-52-9 C5H10N2
—— 5-Nitro-furaldehyd-2-<(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-semicarbazon>, Nitroxygon 405-22-1 C8H10N4O5
—— o-nitrobenzaltosylhydrazone 58809-90-8 C14H13N3O4S
—— mitoguazone 459-86-9 C5H12N8
—— 2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'-naphthalazine 2387-03-3 C22H16N2O2
—— (1E,2E)-1,2-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)hydrazine 6957-22-8 C12H10N4
—— Ambazone 539-21-9 C8H11N7S
—— (E)-1-benzylidene-2-phenylhydrazine 588-64-7 C13H12N2
—— benzaldehyde p-nitrophenylhydrazone 3078-09-9 C13H11N3O2
—— furan-2-carbaldehyde dimethylhydrazone 14064-21-2 C7H10N2O
—— benzaldehyde N,N-dimethylhydrazone 1075-70-3 C9H12N2
—— benzaldehyde p-toluenesulfonylhydrazone 1666-17-7 C14H14N2O2S
—— (E)-2-(pyridin-3-ylmethylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide 555-90-8 C7H8N4S
—— propiophenone N-tosylhydrazone 17336-66-2 C16H18N2O2S
—— 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde phenylhydrazone 614-65-3 C13H12N2O