腙是由醛或酮的羰基 (>C=O) 与一分子肼 (NH2NH2) 或取代肼(如苯肼 C6H5NHNH2)作用而成的缩合物。其中,醛和肼生成的缩合物称为醛腙,例如乙醛苯腙 CH3CH=NNH-C6H5;酮和肼生成的缩合物则称为酮腙,例如丙酮苯腙 (CH3)2C=NNH-C6H5。
大多数苯腙是白色固体,具有固定的结晶形态与熔点。在稀酸中水解,腙可分解为原来的肼及相应的醛或酮。因此,生成腙的反应是一种常用的方法,用于鉴定、分离和提纯醛、酮类化合物。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| —— | (E)-(anthracen-9-ylmethylene)hydrazine | 7512-18-7 | C15H12N2 |
| —— | N-[(Z)-furan-2-ylmethylideneamino]-N-methylmethanamine | 14064-21-2 | C7H10N2O |
| —— | (Z)-1-pyridin-4-yl-N-[(Z)-pyridin-4-ylmethylideneamino]methanimine | 6957-22-8 | C12H10N4 |
| —— | 2-Propenal, 2-methyl-, (2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazone (9CI); Methacrylaldehyde, (2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazone (6CI,7CI,8CI); Methacrolein 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone; NSC 29734 | 5077-73-6 | C10H10N4O4 |
| —— | 1-Methyl-4-(phenylazo)-quinoliniumperchlorate | 67-28-7 | C7H7N3O4 |
| —— | benquinox | 495-73-8 | C13H11N3O2 |
| —— | acrolein (2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazone | 888-54-0 | C9H8N4O4 |
| —— | 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of methacrolein | 5077-73-6 | C10H10N4O4 |
| —— | 4-ethanesulfonyl-benzaldehyde-thiosemicarbazone | 121-55-1 | C10H13N3O2S2 |
| —— | (1E,2E)-1,2-bis(furan-2-ylmethylene)hydrazine | 5428-37-5 | C10H8N2O2 |
| —— | propanal 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazone | 725-00-8 | C9H10N4O4 |
| —— | difurazone | 804-36-4 | C14H12N6O6 |
| —— | 1,1-dimethyl-2-(2-methylallylidene)hydrazine | 25368-52-9 | C5H10N2 |
| —— | 4-methyl-N'-(1-phenylbutylidene)benzenesulfonohydrazide | 41780-81-8 | C17H20N2O2S |
| —— | {3<i>t</i>-(5-nitro-[2]furyl)-1-[<i>trans</i>-2-(5-nitro-furyl)-vinyl]-allylidenamino}-guanidine; hydrochloride | 2315-20-0 | C14H12N6O6*ClH |
| —— | 2-(1-(2-phenylhydrazono)ethyl)aniline | 40754-13-0 | C14H15N3 |
| —— | 1-dimethylamino-1-azabuta-1,3-diene | 25368-52-9 | C5H10N2 |
| —— | 5-Nitro-furaldehyd-2-<(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-semicarbazon>, Nitroxygon | 405-22-1 | C8H10N4O5 |
| —— | o-nitrobenzaltosylhydrazone | 58809-90-8 | C14H13N3O4S |
| —— | mitoguazone | 459-86-9 | C5H12N8 |
| —— | 2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'-naphthalazine | 2387-03-3 | C22H16N2O2 |
| —— | (1E,2E)-1,2-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)hydrazine | 6957-22-8 | C12H10N4 |
| —— | Ambazone | 539-21-9 | C8H11N7S |
| —— | (E)-1-benzylidene-2-phenylhydrazine | 588-64-7 | C13H12N2 |
| —— | benzaldehyde p-nitrophenylhydrazone | 3078-09-9 | C13H11N3O2 |
| —— | furan-2-carbaldehyde dimethylhydrazone | 14064-21-2 | C7H10N2O |
| —— | benzaldehyde N,N-dimethylhydrazone | 1075-70-3 | C9H12N2 |
| —— | benzaldehyde p-toluenesulfonylhydrazone | 1666-17-7 | C14H14N2O2S |
| —— | (E)-2-(pyridin-3-ylmethylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide | 555-90-8 | C7H8N4S |
| —— | propiophenone N-tosylhydrazone | 17336-66-2 | C16H18N2O2S |
| —— | 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde phenylhydrazone | 614-65-3 | C13H12N2O |