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Zinc Oxide | 55204-38-1

中文名称
——
中文别名
——
英文名称
Zinc Oxide
英文别名
zinc;oxygen(2-)
Zinc Oxide化学式
CAS
55204-38-1;8003-97-2;1314-13-2
化学式
OZn
mdl
——
分子量
81.4
InChiKey
RNWHGQJWIACOKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    1975 °C
  • 沸点:
    1949.9°C (estimate)
  • 密度:
    5.6
  • 闪点:
    27℃
  • 溶解度:
    0.0016g/l不溶物
  • 介电常数:
    a/nm
  • 暴露限值:
    b/nm
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    <p>遵照规定使用和储存,则不会分解。</p>

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -0.12
  • 重原子数:
    2
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    1
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    1

ADMET

代谢
锌可以通过肺部、皮肤和胃肠进入人体。肠道对锌的吸收由锌载体蛋白CRIP控制。锌还与金属硫蛋白结合,帮助防止过量锌的吸收。锌广泛分布并在所有组织和组织液中找到,特别是在肝脏、胃肠道、肾脏、皮肤、肺、大脑、心脏和胰腺中含量较高。在血液中,锌存在于红细胞中的碳酸酐酶结合物中,以及血浆中的白蛋白、α2-巨球蛋白和氨基酸结合物中。白蛋白和氨基酸结合的锌可以扩散穿过组织膜。锌通过尿液和粪便排出体外。
Zinc can enter the body through the lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal absorption of zinc is controlled by zinc carrier protein CRIP. Zinc also binds to metallothioneins, which help prevent absorption of excess zinc. Zinc is widely distributed and found in all tissues and tissues fluids, concentrating in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, skin, lung, brain, heart, and pancreas. In the bloodstream zinc is found bound to carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes, as well as bound to albumin, _2-macroglobulin, and amino acids in the the plasma. Albumin and amino acid bound zinc can diffuse across tissue membranes. Zinc is excreted in the urine and faeces. (L49)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
缺铁性贫血是由于锌的过量吸收抑制了铜和铁的吸收,这很可能是通过肠道粘膜细胞的竞争性结合实现的。铜和锌与铜锌超氧化物歧化酶的不平衡水平已被与肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)联系在一起。胃酸能溶解金属锌,生成腐蚀性的氯化锌,这可能会对胃壁造成损害。金属烟雾热被认为是对吸入锌的免疫反应。(L48, L49, A49)
Anaemia results from the excessive absorption of zinc suppressing copper and iron absorption, most likely through competitive binding of intestinal mucosal cells. Unbalanced levels of copper and zinc binding to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase has been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Stomach acid dissolves metallic zinc to give corrosive zinc chloride, which can cause damage to the stomach lining. Metal fume fever is thought to be an immune response to inhaled zinc. (L48, L49, A49)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
对人类无致癌性(未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 健康影响
长期接触锌会导致贫血、运动失调、乏力,并降低体内的好胆固醇水平。还认为它会导致胰腺和生殖损害。
Chronic exposure to zinc causes anemia, atazia, lethargy, and decreases the level of good cholesterol in the body. It is also believed to cause pancreatic and reproductive damage. (L49)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 暴露途径
吸入(L49);口服(L49);皮肤给药(L49)
Inhalation (L49) ; oral (L49) ; dermal (L49)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 症状
大量摄入锌会导致胃痉挛、恶心和呕吐。急性吸入大量锌会导致金属烟雾热,其特点是寒战、发热、头痛、乏力、鼻和喉咙干燥、胸痛和咳嗽。锌与皮肤的接触会导致皮肤刺激。
Ingestion of large doses of zinc causes stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting. Acute inhalation of large amounts of zinc causes metal fume fever, which is characterized by chills, fever, headache, weakness, dryness of the nose and throat, chest pain, and coughing. Dermal contact with zinc results in skin irritation. (L49)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

  • 职业暴露等级:
    B
  • 职业暴露限值:
    TWA: 5 mg/m3, Ceiling: 15 mg/m3
  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险等级:
    9
  • 立即威胁生命和健康浓度:
    500 mg/m3
  • 危险类别码:
    R50/53
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 3077 9/PG 3
  • 安全说明:
    S60,S61

制备方法与用途

根据您提供的信息,氧化锌的生产方法主要有三种:间接法(法国法)、直接法(美国法)和湿法。

  1. 间接法:

    • 反应方程式:2ZnO + O₂ → 2ZnO
    • 操作方法:将电解法制得的锌锭加热至600~700℃熔融后,置于耐高温坩埚内,在1250~1300℃高温下熔融气化,导入热空气进行氧化。生成的氧化锌经冷却、旋风分离,用布袋捕集,制得氧化锌成品。
  2. 直接法:

    • 反应方程式:C + O₂ → CO₂ CO₂ + C → CO ZnO + CO → Zn(蒸气)+ CO₂ Zn(蒸气)+ CO + O₂ → ZnO + CO₂
    • 操作方法:将焙烧锌矿粉与无烟煤(或焦炭粉)、石灰石按1:0.5:0.05比例配制成球。在1300℃经还原冶炼,生成的氧化锌经过捕集,制得氧化锌成品。
  3. 湿法:

    • 主要反应方程式:Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂↑ ZnSO₄ + Na₂CO₃ → ZnCO₃ + Na₂SO₄ ZnSO₄ + 2NH₃·H₂O → Zn(OH)₂ + (NH₄)₂SO₄
    • 操作方法: a. 以碳酸锌为原料,经水洗、干燥、煅烧、粉碎制得产品氧化锌:ZnCO₃ → ZnO + CO₂↑ b. 或以氢氧化锌为原料,经水洗沉淀、干燥、煅烧、冷却、粉碎制得产品氧化锌:Zn(OH)₂ → ZnO + H₂O

这三种方法各有特点,其中间接法和直接法适用于大规模工业生产,而湿法则适用于实验室或小型工厂。在实际生产中可能会根据具体条件选择合适的生产方法。

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    硬脂酸Zinc Oxide柠檬酸niaproof 4 作用下, 以 为溶剂, 反应 1.0h, 以to give 32.6 grams (99.1% yield) of zinc stearate white powder that的产率得到ZINC stearate
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Process for preparing fatty acid zinc salts
    摘要:
    一种制备脂肪酸锌盐的方法,包括以下步骤:在约55℃至约65℃的温度下搅拌包括氧化锌、至少一种催化剂和水的混合浆液;将至少一种液态脂肪酸加入到所搅拌的混合浆液中;并在存在催化剂的水中,在约60℃至约75℃的温度下使脂肪酸与氧化锌反应,直到几乎所有的脂肪酸都反应完毕。然后,可以过滤和干燥最终产物混合物,得到高收率的脂肪酸锌盐。
    公开号:
    US06689894B1
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    2-hydroxy-5-hexenoic acid 、 对甲苯磺酸甲苯氮气碳酸氢钠 、 crude product 、 Zinc Oxide 作用下, 反应 72.0h, 以to give 1.06 g of the intended 3,6-di(3-butenyl)-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione (yield 41%)的产率得到3,6-Di(3-butenyl)-1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Developer carrying member and development apparatus
    摘要:
    提供一种开发装置的开发载体成员,该成员防止墨粉过度充电并保持高墨粉充电量,且难以使墨粉沉积在其上,以及配备该开发载体成员的开发装置。在开发载体成员的基板或基板表面上形成含有聚羟基脂肪酸酯树脂作为粘合剂的树脂层,其中在分子中至少包含有一种含有磺酸或其衍生物或羧酸或其衍生物的羟基脂肪酸单元。
    公开号:
    US20060194071A1
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文献信息

  • Metal dialkyldithiophosphates
    申请人:Texaco Inc.
    公开号:US03944495A1
    公开(公告)日:1976-03-16
    Novel metal dialkyldithiophosphates prepared from oxalkylated long, straight-chain alcohols, acids and mercaptans and their incorporation in lubricating oils to enhance the lubricity and other properties thereof; and a method for operation of an automatic transmission incorporating said oils.
    使用氧化长链直链醇、酸和巯基化合物制备的新型金属二烷基二硫代磷酸盐,并将其加入润滑油中以增强其润滑性能和其他性能;以及一种使用该油的自动变速器的操作方法。
  • Method for the purification of zinc oxide controlling particle size
    申请人:——
    公开号:US20040071619A1
    公开(公告)日:2004-04-15
    A method for the recovery of high purity zinc oxide products, and optionally iron-carbon feedstocks, from industrial waste streams containing zinc oxide and/or iron. The waste streams preliminary can be treated by adding carbon and an ammonium chloride solution, separating any undissolved components from the solution, displacing undesired metal ions from the solution using zinc metal, treating the solution to remove therefrom zinc compounds, and further treating the zinc compounds and the undissolved components, as necessary, resulting in the zinc products and the optional iron-carbon feedbacks. Once the zinc oxide has been recovered, the purification process is used to further purify the zinc oxide to obtain zinc oxide which is at least 99.8% pure and which has predeterminable purity and particle characteristics. Various zinc compounds may then be quickly, easily, and economically produced from this recovered zinc oxide.
    一种从含氧化锌和/或铁的工业废水中回收高纯度氧化锌产品以及可选的铁-碳原料的方法。废水可以通过加入碳和氯化铵溶液进行预处理,将未溶解的组分从溶液中分离出来,使用锌金属将溶液中的不需要的金属离子置换出来,处理溶液以从中去除氧化锌化合物,并根据需要进一步处理氧化锌化合物和未溶解的组分,从而得到氧化锌产品和可选的铁-碳反馈。一旦回收了氧化锌,就可以使用纯化过程进一步纯化氧化锌,以获得至少纯度为99.8%且具有预定纯度和颗粒特性的氧化锌。然后可以从这些回收的氧化锌快速、轻松、经济地生产各种氧化锌化合物。
  • Synergistic corrosion inhibitor
    申请人:Gichuhi Tony
    公开号:US20050235873A1
    公开(公告)日:2005-10-27
    A non-toxic corrosion inhibitor and method comprising hydrotalcite or a hydrotalcite-like complexing agent and one or a combination of an organic or inorganic corrosion inhibitive complexing agent, provides improved corrosion protection on metal substrates and utilizes synergistic corrosion inhibitive mechanisms.
    一种不含毒性的腐蚀抑制剂和方法,包括水滑石或类似水滑石的络合剂和一种或多种有机或无机腐蚀抑制剂络合剂的组合,提供了对金属基底的改进的腐蚀保护,并利用协同的腐蚀抑制机制。
  • 1:1 Zinc methionine complexes
    申请人:Zinpro Corporation
    公开号:US03941818A1
    公开(公告)日:1976-03-02
    Novel salts are prepared wherein the cation of the salt comprises a 1:1 ratio of a complex ion formed between zinc and methionine and any suitable anion, either inorganic or organic. The novel salts have the generic formula: [CH.sub.3 SCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(NH.sub.2)COO.Zn.sup.+.sup.+].sub.w X wherein X is an anion and w is an integer equal to the anionic charge of X. These novel compounds are useful nutritional supplements, both for animals and humans, in that they provide a readily-available source of the zinc ions necessary for dietary balance. In addition, certain of the compounds falling within the formula disclosed herein have been found to have therapeutic utility in the treatment of acne and colitis.
    制备了新型盐,其中盐的阳离子包括由锌和蛋氨酸形成的复合离子和任何适当的阴离子,可以是无机或有机的。这些新型盐的通式为:[CH.sub.3 SCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(NH.sub.2)COO.Zn.sup.+.sup.+].sub.w X,其中X是一个阴离子,w是X的阴离子电荷的整数。这些新化合物是有用的营养补充剂,对于动物和人类都是如此,因为它们提供了锌离子的易于获得的来源,这对于膳食平衡是必需的。此外,在此公式范围内的某些化合物已被发现在治疗痤疮和结肠炎方面具有治疗效果。
  • Transition metal crosslinking of acid-containing polymers
    申请人:Rohm and Haas Company
    公开号:US05149745A1
    公开(公告)日:1992-09-22
    Acid-functional polymer is reacted with a transition metal compound at a temperature above a T.sub.g of the polymer to produce crosslinked polymer. The process produces a liquid polymer product that dries to a crosslinked film without the required presence of volatile ligands. Improved coatings such as floor polishes are also disclosed.
    酸性功能聚合物在高于其玻璃转变温度的温度下与过渡金属化合物反应,以产生交联聚合物。该过程产生一种液态聚合物产品,它在不需要挥发性配体的情况下干燥成为交联薄膜。还公开了改进的涂层,例如地板抛光剂。
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