氟化钴(II) | 10026-17-2

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 金属卤化物及卤酸盐
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 过渡金属盐
• 中文名称: 氟化钴(II)
• 中文别名: 二氟化钴；氟化钴；氟化亚钴
• 英文名称: Cobalt(II) fluoride, anhydrous
• 英文别名: cobalt(2+);difluoride
• CAS: 10026-17-2
• 化学式: CoF2
• 分子量: 96.93
• InChiKey: YCYBZKSMUPTWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L

物化性质

• 熔点：
  1200 °C
• 沸点：
  1400 °C
• 密度：
  4.46 g/mL at 25 °C
• 溶解度：
  溶于酸溶液
• 暴露限值：
  a/nm
• 物理描述：
  Violet to red solid. Sinks and mixes slowly with water. (USCG, 1999)
• 颜色/状态：
  Forming a red liquid at melting point of 1100-1200 °C
• 稳定性/保质期：
  微溶于水，加热后容易溶解于无机酸中。
• 分解：
  Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions: Hydrogen fluoride, cobalt/cobalt oxides.
• 腐蚀性：
  When exposed to water it forms highly corrosive hydrofluoric acid

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  0.84
• 重原子数：
  3
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  2

ADMET

代谢

钴通过肺部、胃肠系统和皮肤被吸收。由于它是维生素B12（氰钴胺）的一个组成部分，因此它被分布到身体的大多数组织中。它在血液中运输，通常与白蛋白结合，肝脏和肾脏中的含量最高。钴主要通过尿液和粪便排出。

Cobalt is absorbed though the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. Since it is a component of the vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin), it is distributed to most tissues of the body. It is transported in the blood, often bound to albumin, with the highest levels being found in the liver and kidney. Cobalt is excreted mainly in the urine and faeces. (L29)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

识别和使用：氟化钴形成玫瑰红色晶体或粉末。它被用作有机反应的催化剂，以及作为氟化剂。人类暴露和毒性：摄入的初期症状包括流涎、恶心、腹痛、呕吐和腹泻，这是氟化物对肠粘膜局部作用的结果。系统症状多样且严重：中枢神经系统兴奋性增加，与氟化物与钙离子结合效应一致，导致低钙血症；低血压，可能是由于中枢血管抑制以及直接的心脏毒性；以及呼吸的兴奋然后抑制。死亡可能是由呼吸麻痹或心脏衰竭引起的。动物研究：对急性暴露于氟化钴的大鼠的肝脏、心脏和肾脏进行了显微镜检查。观察到充血、出血和细胞质变化，而肾小球富含细胞和基底膜增厚。近端小管细胞肿胀，出现空泡化和变性。在一些大鼠的心脏中观察到增生的和水肿的间质组织以及肿胀的肌肉纤维，并注意到了与交叉条纹消失相关的局灶性变性、空泡化和坏死。牛长期过量氟化物的表现是牙齿氟斑牙和骨质疏松症。

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Cobalt fluoride forms rose-red crystals or powder. It is used as a catalyst for organic reactions, and as a fluorinating agent. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Initial symptoms from ingestion include salivation, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea and are secondary to the local action of fluoride on the intestinal mucosa. Systemic symptoms are varied and severe: increased irritability of the central nervous system consistent with the Ca2+ binding effect of fluoride and the resulting hypocalcemia; hypotension, presumably owing to central vasomotor depression as well as direct cardiotoxicity; and stimulation and then depression of respiration. Death can result from respiratory paralysis or cardiac failure. ANIMAL STUDIES: The liver, heart and kidneys of rats given acute exposure to cobalt fluoride were examined microscopically. Hyperemia, hemorrhage and cytoplasmic changes were noted, while the kidney glomeruli were rich in cells and basal membranes were thickened. Cells of the proximal tubules were swollen and showed vacuolization and degeneration. In the hearts of some rats proliferative and edematous interstitial tissue and swollen muscle fibers were observed and focal degeneration, vacuolization and necrosis associated with disappearance of the cross striations were noted. Chronic manifestations of excess fluoride in cattle are dental fluorosis and osteofluorosis.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

钴被认为通过氧化剂和自由基过程表现出其毒性。它产生氧自由基，并可能被氧化成离子态的钴，导致脂质过氧化增加、DNA损伤，并诱导某些酶，导致细胞凋亡。钴还被证明可以阻断无机钙通道，可能损害神经传递。钴还可以与硫辛酸螯合，损害丙酮酸或脂肪酸的氧化。此外，钴可能通过与锌指DNA修复蛋白相互作用来抑制DNA修复，并且已被证明可以抑制血红素合成和葡萄糖代谢。钴可能激活特定的辅助性T淋巴细胞，并直接与免疫蛋白（如抗体IgA和IgE或Fc受体）相互作用，导致免疫致敏。

Cobalt is believed to exhibit its toxicity through a oxidant-based and free radical-based processes. It produces oxygen radicals and may be oxidized to ionic cobalt, causing increased lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and inducing certain enzymes that lead to cell apoptosis. Cobalt has also been shown to block inorganic calcium channels, possibly impairing neurotransmission. Cobalt can also chelate lipoic acids, impairing oxidation of pyruvate or fatty acids. In addition, cobalt may inhibit DNA repair by interacting with zinc finger DNA repair proteins, and has also been shown to inhibit heme synthesis and glucose metabolism. Cobalt may activate specific helper T-lymphocyte cells and interact directly with immunologic proteins, such as antibodies (IgA and IgE) or Fc receptors, resulting in immunosensitization. (L29)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

A4：无法分类为人类致癌物。/氟化物（以F计）/

A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Fluorides (as F)/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

钴和钴化合物在人类中的致癌性证据不足。有充分的证据表明钴金属粉末在实验动物中具有致癌性。有限证据表明含有钴、铬和钼的金属合金在实验动物中具有致癌性。...总体评估：钴和钴化合物可能对人类具有致癌性（2B组）。/钴和钴化合物/

There is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of cobalt and cobalt compounds in humans. There is sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of cobalt metal powder in experimental animals. There is limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of metal alloys containing cobalt, chromium and molybdenum in experimental animals. ... Overall Evaluation: Cobalt and cobalt compounds are possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). /Cobalt and cobalt compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

A3：已确认的动物致癌物，对人类的相关性未知。/钴和钴的无机化合物/

A3: Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. /Cobalt and inorganic compounds, as Co/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

... 大多数氟化物的吸收发生在小肠。氟化物的吸收程度与其水溶性相关 ... 另一种吸收途径是通过肺部 ... 氟化物广泛分布于器官和组织中，但在骨骼和牙齿中浓度较高，骨骼负担与摄入量和年龄有关 ... 肾脏是氟化物的主要排泄部位。少量的氟化物也出现在汗液、牛奶和肠分泌物中；在非常炎热的环境中，汗液可以占到总氟化物排泄的近50%。 /氟化物/

... Most of the absorption takes place in the intestine. The degree of fluoride absorption correlates with its water solubility ... A second route of absorption is through the lungs ... Fluoride is distributed widely in organs and tissues but is concentrated in bone and teeth, and the skeletal burden is related to intake and age. ... The kidneys are the major site of fluoride. Small amounts of fluoride also appear in sweat, milk, and intestinal secretions; in a very hot environment, sweat can account for nearly 50% of the total fluoride excretion. /Fluorides/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

骨头是氟的自然“储存库”...身体中95-96%的氟分布在骨骼和牙齿中。...氟逐渐通过尿液排出。

Bone is natural "sink" for fluoride ... 95-96% of body burden of fluoride is in bones & teeth. ... Fluoride is gradually excreted in urine. /fluoride/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

实验证明，骨骼中氟的储存是由于反复接触那些几乎不刺激或根本不刺激的浓度所致。/氟化物/

...Experiments demonstrated that storage of fluoride in bones occurs as result of repeated exposures to concentrations that are but slightly, if at all, irritant. /Fluoride/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

摄入后，可溶性氟化物从胃肠道迅速吸收，至少达到97%。吸收的氟化物通过血液分布到全身的组织中。软组织中的氟化物浓度在接触后几小时内降至接触前水平。氟化物与羟基磷灰石（骨骼的无机成分）的羟基自由基交换，形成氟羟基磷灰石。未被保留的氟化物会迅速通过尿液排出。在成人稳态摄入条件下，尿液中氟化物的浓度倾向于接近饮用水中氟化物的浓度。这反映了随着年龄的增长，氟化物（主要在骨骼中）的保留量减少。在某些条件下，出汗可能是氟化物排泄的重要途径。骨骼和牙齿中保留的氟化物浓度是氟化物摄入浓度和暴露时间的函数。过量的氟化物暴露期会导致骨骼中保留量增加。然而，当过度暴露消除时，骨骼中的氟化物浓度将降低到一个再次反映摄入的浓度。/氟化物/

Following ingestion, soluble fluorides are rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract at least to the extent of 97%. Absorbed fluoride is distributed throughout the tissues of the body by the blood. Fluoride concentrations in soft tissues fall to pre-exposure levels within a few hours of exposure. Fluoride exchange with hydroxyl radicals of hydroxyapatite (the inorganic constituent of bone) to form fluorohydroxyapatite. Fluoride that is not retained is excreted rapidly in urine. In adults under steady state intake conditions, the urinary concentration of fluoride tends to approximate the concentration of fluoride in the drinking water. This reflects the decreasing retention of fluoride (primarily in bone) with increasing age. Under certain conditions perspiration may be an important route of fluoride excretion. The concentration of fluoride retained in bones and teeth is a function of both the concentration of fluoride intake and the duration of exposure. Periods of excessive fluoride exposure will result in increased retention in the bone. However, when the excessive exposure is eliminated, the bone fluoride concentration will decrease to a concentration that is again reflective of intake. /Fluoride/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

暴露于氟化钴(II)水溶液会降低体外实验中人或鲸牙釉质和牙本质有机层的润湿性和自由表面能。对润湿性的影响可能有助于防龋作用。

Exposure to aqueous solution of cobaltous fluoride reduced wettability & free surface energy of org layers of tooth enamel & dentine from humans or whales in vitro. It is possible that effect on wettability may contribute to anticaries effect.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• TSCA：
  Yes
• 危险等级：
  6.1
• 危险品标志：
  C,T
• 安全说明：
  S26,S36/37/39,S45
• 危险类别码：
  R34,R25
• WGK Germany：
  3
• 海关编码：
  28261990
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 2923
• RTECS号：
  GG0770000
• 包装等级：
  III
• 危险类别：
  6.1

SDS

第一部分：化学品名称

制备方法与用途

氟化钴 简介

在氟碳类产品生产中，应用较为广泛的催化剂主要是氟化钴。由于氟化钴属于无机金属盐类，难以固化成型，并且容易潮解，因此对产量造成了一定影响。

化学性质

氟化钴是一种弱路易斯酸。作为含有19个电子的物质，它也是一种很好的还原剂，在300℃下可以被氢气还原。

合成方法 方法一

由碳酸钴与无水氢氟酸反应制得。

方法二

也可通过氯化钴与氢氟酸反应制得： [ \text{CoCl}_2 + 2\text{HF} \rightarrow \text{CoF}_2 + 2\text{HCl} ]

具体步骤如下：

1. 将结晶的氯化钴（CoCl₂·2H₂O）放入玻璃管中，在HCl气流中加热至200℃，直至颜色由玫瑰红转变为蓝色。
2. 粉碎无水氯化钴，并将其盛入萤石舟中。
3. 萤石舟放入铁管中，加热铁管至300℃并向其中通入无水HF，直至管的末端不再有HCl气体放出为止。
4. 反应完成后向铁管中通入氮气驱除多余的HF。

应用

氟化钴是一种无机金属化合物，可用作催化剂。具体应用包括：

1. 作为有机氟化剂和制备三氟化钴；
2. 在有机反应中的催化剂。

制备方法

与合成方法相同，通过加热脱水及通入无水HF的方法制备，具体步骤见上文。

性状

氟化钴为玫瑰红色粉末，具有金红石型结构。微溶于水，在20℃时每100毫升水中溶解克数为1.36g。

水中溶解度(g/100ml)

• 20℃: 1.36g

生产方法

与合成及制备方法相同，具体步骤见上述内容。

分类

有毒物品

急性毒性

口服 - 大鼠 LD₅₀: 150毫克/公斤

可燃性危险特性

不燃，火场排放有毒氟化物烟雾

储运特性

库房需通风低温干燥；与食品分开储运

灭火剂

二氧化碳、砂土

职业标准

• 时间加权平均容许浓度 (TWA): 2.5毫克/立方米
• 短时间接触容许浓度 (STEL): 5毫克/立方米

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  癸烷 、 亚油酸甲酯 、 氟化钴(II) 、 2-吡啶甲酸 在 Tween 20 作用下， 以 磷酸肌酸 为溶剂， 生成 Cobalt fluoride picolinic acid
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Method for assaying the antioxidant capacity of a skin care product

  摘要：

  一种用于测定护肤品抗氧化能力的方法，该方法包括制备乳化基础，将护肤品样品溶解到乳化基础中形成均匀的乳化混合物，向乳化混合物中加入检测探针、反应性氧化物种发生器和/或反应性氮氧物种发生器，测量检测探针在样品存在下的荧光强度随时间的变化，以及在标准存在下和空白存在下的荧光强度随时间的变化，并计算检测探针氧化的初始速率，以确定护肤品样品的抗氧化能力。

  公开号：

  US08198091B2
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  diazanium;difluorocobalt;difluoride 生成 氟化钴(II)
  参考文献：
  名称：

  WATANABE, MORIO;NISHIMURA, SANJI

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• OXUNOV, R.;LEVINA, N. N.;IKRAMI, D. D.
  作者：OXUNOV, R.、LEVINA, N. N.、IKRAMI, D. D.

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• SOMMERS, JAMES A.
  作者：SOMMERS, JAMES A.

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• WATANABE, MORIO;NISHIMURA, SANJI
  作者：WATANABE, MORIO、NISHIMURA, SANJI

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• SHENDRIK V. P.; LYAX O. D., ODES. POLITEXN. IN-T, ODESSA,(1987) 4 S., IL., UKRNIINTI , 815-YK87
  作者：SHENDRIK V. P.、 LYAX O. D.

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• Method for assaying the antioxidant capacity of a skin care product
  申请人：Brunswick Laboratories, LLC

  公开号：US08198091B2

  公开（公告）日：2012-06-12

  A method for assaying the antioxidant capacity of a skin care product, the method including preparing an emulsion base, dissolving a sample of a skin care product into the emulsion base to form a homogeneous emulsion mixture, adding a detection probe to the homogeneous emulsion mixture, adding reactive oxygen species generator and/or reactive nitrogen species generator to the homogeneous emulsion mixture, measuring the fluorescence intensity change of the detection probe in the presence of the sample over time, in the presence of the standard over time, and in the presence of a blank over time, and calculating the initial rate of oxidation of the detection probe to determine the antioxidant capacity of the sample of the skin care product.

  一种用于测定护肤品抗氧化能力的方法，该方法包括制备乳化基础，将护肤品样品溶解到乳化基础中形成均匀的乳化混合物，向乳化混合物中加入检测探针、反应性氧化物种发生器和/或反应性氮氧物种发生器，测量检测探针在样品存在下的荧光强度随时间的变化，以及在标准存在下和空白存在下的荧光强度随时间的变化，并计算检测探针氧化的初始速率，以确定护肤品样品的抗氧化能力。

表征谱图