cesium;chloride

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 碱金属盐
• 英文名称: cesium;chloride
• 化学式: ClCs
• 分子量: 168.36
• InChiKey: AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -5.99
• 重原子数：
  2
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  1

ADMET

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）确定，在批准的新药申请（NDA）条件下制造的500毫克普鲁士蓝胶囊，可用于治疗已知或疑似内部放射性铯、放射性铊或非放射性铊污染的安全有效。普鲁士蓝可用于治疗因常规意外中毒或与恐怖事件相关的污染。普鲁士蓝通过在小肠中捕获铊和铯，使它们随粪便排出体外，而不是被重新吸收。如果人们暴露于放射性铯、放射性铊或非放射性铊，服用普鲁士蓝可能会降低因辐射或中毒导致死亡和严重疾病的风险。应在暴露后尽快服用普鲁士蓝。然而，即使治疗不能立即开始，也应在一得到普鲁士蓝时就给予患者，因为即使在暴露后经过一段时间，它仍然有效。

The FDA has determined that the 500 mg Prussian blue capsules, when manufactured under the conditions of an approved New Drug Application (NDA), can be found safe and effective for the treatment of known or suspected internal contamination with radioactive cesium, radioactive thallium, or non-radioactive thallium. Prussian blue can be used to treat contamination that may occur as a result of a routine accidental poisoning, as well as contamination associated with a terrorist event. Prussian blue works by trapping thallium and cesium in the intestine, so that they can be passed out of the body in the stool rather than be re-absorbed. If persons are exposed to radioactive cesium, radioactive thallium, or non-radioactive thallium, taking Prussian blue may reduce the risk of death and major illness from radiation or poisoning. Prussian blue should be taken as soon as possible after exposure. However, even when treatment cannot be started right away, patients should be given Prussian blue as soon as it becomes available because it is still effective even after time has elapsed since exposure.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

病例报告：一名47岁的患者出现晕厥和反复多形性室性心动过速发作。心电图显示QT间期延长，并且患者一直在服用铯作为膳食补充剂。纠正低钾血症并停用铯后，QT间期在随访中恢复正常，没有再次出现室性心律失常。使用这种药物可能存在危险，因为它可能诱发致命的室性心律失常。

/CASE REPORTS/ A 47-yr-old patient presented with syncope and recurrent episodes of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. She had evidence of prolonged QT interval by ECG and had been taking cesium as a dietary supplement. Correction of the hypokalemia and discontinuation of the cesium resulted in normalization of the QT interval during follow-up with no further recurrence of ventricular arrhythmias. The use of this drug is potentially hazardous as it may induce fatal ventricular arrhythmias.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

专题研究/在巴西戈亚尼亚发生的一起涉及盗窃和破坏放射治疗源的事故中，有39人受到高水平的137Cs体内污染。为了增强身体排除137Cs，使用了普鲁士蓝，成人剂量从3-10克/天不等。本文评估了这起事故中涉及的15名受污染成人的总内部承诺剂量和普鲁士蓝治疗的效果。普鲁士蓝使剂量减少了51-84%，平均为71%。这种减少被证明与普鲁士蓝的剂量无关。...

/SPECIAL STUDIES/ In an accident involving the stealing and breaching of a radiotherapy source in Goiania, Brazil, 39 individuals had a high level of 137Cs internal contamination. Prussian Blue was used, in doses that varied from 3-10 g d-1 for adults, to enhance the elimination of 137Cs from the body. The total internal committed doses and the effect of Prussian Blue treatment for 15 contaminated adults involved in this accident have been evaluated in this paper. Prussian Blue caused dose reductions in the range of 51-84%, with an average of 71%. This reduction was shown to be independent of the dosage of Prussian Blue. ...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 人类毒性摘录

/特殊研究/ 1987年9月，在戈亚尼亚发生的放射学事故涉及一个含有137Cs的源，导致大约140名受害者出现内部和/或外部污染和/或辐射外照射和/或辐射烧伤。通过分析尿液和粪便样本证实了内部污染。内部污染还通过1987年11月在戈亚尼亚安装的全身计数器进行的测量进行了评估。为了增强137Cs的去除，患者接受了以下治疗：1）普鲁士蓝，口服给药，46名患者；2）利尿剂，口服给药，17名患者；3）诱导出汗，增加137Cs的排出。这些程序都是在严格的临床评估下进行，并考虑了从排泄物分析和全身计数器获得的数据。普鲁士蓝的剂量超过了文献中先前指示剂量的约6.5倍。这是首次在人类中使用利尿剂治疗137Cs内部污染。这些程序的结果进行了讨论。

/SPECIAL STUDIES/ In September 1987, the Goiania radiological accident involving a source of 137Cs culminated in about 140 victims who presented internal and/or external contamination and/or external exposure to radiation and/or radiation burns. Internal contamination was verified through analysis of urine and fecal samples. Internal contamination was also evaluated by measurements performed at the whole-body counter installed in Goiania in November 1987. To enhance the decorporation of 137Cs, patients were treated with the following: 1 ) Prussian Blue, oral administration, in 46 patients; 2 ) diuretics, oral administration, in 17 patients; 3 ) induced perspiration, increasing 137Cs elimination. These procedures were done under rigorous clinical evaluation and considering the data from assay of excreta and data obtained from the whole-body counter. The doses of Prussian Blue exceeded about 6.5 times the dose previously indicated in the literature. It was the first time diuretics were used in humans to treat 137Cs internal contamination. The results of these procedures are discussed.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 非人类毒性摘录

实验室动物：急性暴露/氯化铯给药会导致狗发生室性心动过速，具有许多临床长QT综合症的特征...氯化钙、β阻断剂（阿替洛尔）或迷走神经刺激-所有这些干预措施都可以抑制钙的进入。β-肾上腺素能刺激异丙肾上腺素在亚心律失常剂量的铯存在时引发室性心律失常。钠通道阻滞剂（利多卡因和高浓度的奎尼丁）也抑制了铯诱导的心律失常...我们得出结论，在这个模型中，铯诱导的室性心律失常可以通过减少跨膜钙电流的药物以及高剂量的钠通道阻滞剂来抑制。

/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Cesium chloride administration causes ventricular tachyarrhythmias in dogs, with many of the features of the clinical long QT syndrome... Cesium-induced arrhythmias were suppressed by the calcium antagonist diltiazem, magnesium chloride, beta blockade (with atenolol), or vagal nerve stimulation--all interventions that can suppress calcium entry. beta-Adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol initiated ventricular arrhythmias in the presence of subarrhythmic doses of cesium. Sodium channel blockers (lidocaine and high concentrations of quinidine) also suppressed cesium-induced arrhythmias...We conclude that cesium-induced ventricular arrhythmias in this model are suppressed by agents that reduce transmembrane calcium currents as well as by high doses of sodium channel blockers.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

真实和模拟的134CsCl颗粒沉降溶液被喂给了102名健康的志愿者。一周后沉降物的放射性平均吸收率为3%，吸收范围在0-9%之间。

Real and simulated particulate fallout solutions of 134CsCl were fed to 102 healthy volunteers. An average of 3% of the radioactivity of week-old fallout was absorbed: the range was 0-9%.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

在100天内，通过三种不同的途径给豚鼠投予含有137Cs示踪剂的氯化铯溶液，以研究137Cs在豚鼠体内的分布-排泄模式。实验中使用了三组各二十只豚鼠。这些氯化铯溶液通过吸入、吞咽和腹腔注射的方式给予动物。在豚鼠被宰杀之前，每天收集尿液和粪便，并在死亡后确定时间-组织分布模式。所有测量都是使用NaI（Tl）探测器进行伽马计数。由于氯化铯极易溶解，它能够从肺部、消化道和腹腔迅速吸收。在第一天之后，骨骼肌中137Cs的浓度最高。它在肌肉中的保留可以用一个单指数函数来近似，平均生物半衰期为10天。其他组织中的浓度与肌肉中的浓度没有显著差异。总排泄中的137Cs浓度遵循一个具有快速和缓慢下降成分的指数模式。平均尿-粪比率为2.8。在32天内，超过95%被排泄；在这个时间点，大约65%的剩余放射性物质位于骨骼肌中。

Data were obtained for the distribution-excretion pattern of 137Cs in guinea pigs over a period of 100 days after administration by three different routes. Three groups of twenty guinea pigs were used. Solutions of cesium chloride containing 137Cs as a tracer were administered to the animals by inhalation, by ingestion and by i.p. injection. Urine and feces were collected daily until sacrifice, and the time-tissue distribution patterns were determined after death. All measurements were made by gamma counting with a NaI (Tl) detector. Since cesium chloride is extremely soluble, it was absorbed rapidly from the lungs, the digestive tract and the abdominal cavity. After the first day, the skeletal muscle had the largest concentration of 137Cs. Its retention in muscle may be approximated by a single exponential function with an average biological half-life of 10 days. Concentration in other tissues did not differ significantly from that in the muscle. The 137Cs concentration in total excretion followed an exponential pattern with a rapidly and a slowly decreasing component. The average urine-to-feces ratio was 2.8. More than 95 per cent was excreted within 32 days; at this time, approximately 65 per cent of the remaining radioactivity was located in the skeletal muscle.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

氯化铯、氯化锶、氯化钡和氯化铈沉积在叙利亚仓鼠的鼻膜上，直接进入体循环的吸收情况进行了研究，并与胃肠道吸收进行了比较。超过50%的铯、锶和钡直接从鼻膜吸收，但铈的吸收率不到4%。对于所有同位素，在给药后前4小时内，鼻吸收大约等于或大于胃肠道吸收。这项研究强调了在吸入毒性评估中直接鼻吸收沉积物质的重要性，尤其是当鼻咽部沉积占主导地位，且气溶胶的质量中值空气动力学直径大于5微米时，这种情况更为显著。

Absorption of CsCl, SrCl2, BaCl2 and CeCl3 deposited on nasal membranes directly into the general circulation was studied in Syrian hamsters and compared with gastrointestinal tract absorption. More than 50 % of the cesium, strontium and barium was absorbed directly from the nasal membranes but <4 % of the cerium. For all isotopes, nasal absorption was approximately = or >gastrointestinal absorption during the first 4 hr after administration. This study emphasized the importance of direct nasal absorption of deposited materials in inhalation toxicity evaluations especially with readily soluble aerosols having mass median aerodynamic diameters >5 m when nasopharyngeal deposition predominates.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  cesium;chloride 生成 Cs2 (B12 F12) (H2 O)
  参考文献：
  名称：

  TOKI, MOTOYUKI

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  Cesium molybdate 生成 cesium;chloride
  参考文献：
  名称：

  PFREPPER, GERD

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  氟化铯 、 （2-氯丙烯基）草酰氯 在 氮气 、 乙腈 、 CaH2 、 cesium;chloride 作用下， 反应 16.5h， 以to yield 129 g (77%) of the desired product, b.p. 62°-64° C./22 mm的产率得到2-氯丙烯2-氟-2-乙醛酸
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Intermediate diastereomeric

  摘要：

  对映异构体的5R，6S-6-（1R-羟乙基）-2-（1S-氧代-3R-硫代基）-2-青霉烷-3-羧酸和5R，6S-6-（1R-羟乙基）-2-（1R-氧代-3S-硫代基）-2-青霉烷-3-羧酸，以及其药学上可接受的盐和体内可水解酯，可用作系统性抗菌剂；以及在合成该对映异构体时有用的中间体和过程。

  公开号：

  US05319103A1

文献信息

• Vanilloid receptor ligands and their use in treatments
  申请人：——

  公开号：US20040082780A1

  公开（公告）日：2004-04-29

  Compounds having the general structure 1 and compositions containing them, for the treatment of acute, inflammatory and neuropathic pain, dental pain, general headache, migraine, cluster headache, mixed-vascular and non-vascular syndromes, tension headache, general inflammation, arthritis, rheumatic diseases, osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disorders, inflammatory eye disorders, inflammatory or unstable bladder disorders, psoriasis, skin complaints with inflammatory components, chronic inflammatory conditions, inflammatory pain and associated hyperalgesia and allodynia, neuropathic pain and associated hyperalgesia and allodynia, diabetic neuropathy pain, causalgia, sympathetically maintained pain, deafferentation syndromes, asthma, epithelial tissue damage or dysfunction, herpes simplex, disturbances of visceral motility at respiratory, genitourinary, gastrointestinal or vascular regions, wounds, burns, allergic skin reactions, pruritus, vitiligo, general gastrointestinal disorders, gastric ulceration, duodenal ulcers, diarrhea, gastric lesions induced by necrotising agents, hair growth, vasomotor or allergic rhinitis, bronchial disorders or bladder disorders.

  具有一般结构1的化合物及其组成物，用于治疗急性、炎症和神经痛、牙痛、普通头痛、偏头痛、集群头痛、混合血管和非血管综合症、紧张性头痛、普通炎症、关节炎、风湿性疾病、骨关节炎、炎症性肠病、炎症性眼疾、炎症性或不稳定的膀胱疾病、牛皮癣、具有炎症成分的皮肤病、慢性炎症状况、炎症性疼痛及相关的高敏感性和触痛、神经痛及相关的高敏感性和触痛、糖尿病神经病痛、烧灼性疼痛、交感神经维持性疼痛、去神经症候群、哮喘、上皮组织损伤或功能障碍、单纯疱疹、呼吸、泌尿、胃肠或血管区域的内脏运动障碍、伤口、烧伤、过敏性皮肤反应、瘙痒、白癜风、普通胃肠障碍、胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡、腹泻、坏死剂诱导的胃病变、毛发生长、血管运动或过敏性鼻炎、支气管疾病或膀胱疾病。
• Process for the preparation of diacetoxybutene
  申请人：Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.

  公开号：US04228301A1

  公开（公告）日：1980-10-14

  In a process for preparing diacetoxybutene by subjecting butadiene, acetic acid and oxygen to reaction, the discharge gas from the reaction system or purification system, containing butadiene and/or acetic acid, is treated by contacting with diacetoxybutene and/or diacetoxybutane (absorbent) to allow butadiene and/or acetic acid to be absorbed by said absorbent. A part of the diacetoxybutene separated in a distillation tower from the reaction product solution containing diacetoxybutene produced by said three-component reaction can be used as said absorbent. In this case, butadiene and/or acetic acid can be recovered from said discharge gas by supplying the absorption solution into said distillation tower. Also usable as said absorbent is diacetoxybutane obtained by hydrogenation of diacetoxybutene. In this case, it is possible to recover butadiene and/or acetic acid by supplying the obtained absorption solution into said distillation tower and further transferring the obtained mixture of diacetoxybutene and diacetoxybutane to the hydrogenation step without separation. In said process for preparing diacetoxybutene, the substantial portion of the discharge gas from the reaction system may be circulated back to the reaction system for reuse, and the remaining discharge gas may be supplied into an absorption tower.

  通过将丁二烯、乙酸和氧气进行反应制备双乙酰氧基丁烯的过程中，从反应系统或净化系统中排出的气体（含有丁二烯和/或乙酸）通过与双乙酰氧基丁烯和/或双乙酰氧基丁烷（吸收剂）接触处理，使丁二烯和/或乙酸被吸收。从反应产物溶液中在蒸馏塔中分离出的部分双乙酰氧基丁烯可以用作吸收剂。在这种情况下，通过将吸收溶液供入蒸馏塔中，可以从排放气体中回收丁二烯和/或乙酸。另外，通过氢化双乙酰氧基丁烯获得的双乙酰氧基丁烷也可用作吸收剂。在这种情况下，可以通过将获得的吸收溶液供入蒸馏塔中，并将获得的双乙酰氧基丁烯和双乙酰氧基丁烷的混合物进一步转移至氢化步骤而无需分离，以回收丁二烯和/或乙酸。在制备双乙酰氧基丁烯的过程中，反应系统的实质部分排放气体可以循环回到反应系统中进行再利用，其余排放气体可以供入吸收塔中。
• Benzimidazone compound, process for producing the same, and use thereof
  申请人：——

  公开号：US20040248941A1

  公开（公告）日：2004-12-09

  The present invention relates to a compound represented by the following formula 1 wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, or a salt thereof, which has superior stability to acid and which is a prodrug of 2-[[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridyl]methyl]sulfinyl]- 1 H-benzimidazole. This compound (1) shows a superior anti-ulcer activity, a gastric acid secretion-suppressive action, a mucosa-protecting action, an anti- Helicobacter pylori action and the like in living organisms, (2) shows low toxicity, (3) shows superior stability to acid (which obviates the need to formulate an enteric-coated preparation, thereby lowering the cost, and reduces the size of preparation to facilitate swallowing for patients having difficulty in swallowing), (4) shows faster absorption than enteric-coated preparations (rapid expression of gastric acid secretion-suppressive action), and (5) is sustainable.

  本发明涉及以下式1所表示的化合物或其盐，其中每个符号如规范中所定义，该化合物具有优异的酸稳定性，并且是2-[[[3-甲基-4-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-2-吡啶基]甲基]亚磺酰基]-1H-苯并咪唑的前药。该化合物（1）在生物体内显示出优异的抗溃疡活性、抑制胃酸分泌作用、保护粘膜作用、抗幽门螺杆菌作用等，（2）显示出低毒性，（3）显示出优异的酸稳定性（无需配制肠溶涂层制剂，从而降低成本，并减小制剂的大小，以便于吞咽困难的患者），（4）显示出比肠溶涂层制剂更快的吸收速度（快速表达胃酸分泌抑制作用），并且（5）是可持续的。
• 1-(2-CHLORO-5-METHYL-3-PYRIDYLMETHYL)-2-NITROIMINIOMIDAZOLIDINE AND PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF
  申请人：——

  公开号：US20030083350A1

  公开（公告）日：2003-05-01

  The present invention relates to 1-(2-chloro-5-methyl-3-pyridylmethyl)-2-nitroiminoimadozolidine of the formula 1, a novel compound of class nitroimino pyridyl derivatives and to a process for the preparation thereof 1

  本发明涉及式1的1-(2-氯-5-甲基-3-吡啶甲基)-2-硝基亚氨基噻唑啉，一种新的硝基亚氨基吡啶衍生物类化合物及其制备方法。
• Site-specific drug delivery
  申请人：Dime S. David

  公开号：US20060009375A1

  公开（公告）日：2006-01-12

  Compounds and methods which are useful for the site-specific delivery and localization of drugs are provided. The compounds can be represented by the formula: A-L-D wherein A is an anchoring moiety; L is a linking group; and D is a drug.

  本发明提供了用于特定部位输送和定位药物的化合物和方法。这些化合物可以用公式A-L-D表示，其中A是锚定基团；L是连接基团；D是药物。

表征谱图