Zinc Nitrate | 13778-30-8

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 过渡金属氧阴离子化合物
• 英文名称: Zinc Nitrate
• 英文别名: zinc;dinitrate
• CAS: 13778-30-8；7779-88-6
• 化学式: Zn(NO3)2
• 分子量: 189.4
• InChiKey: ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  -18 °C
• 密度：
  1.522 g/cm3
• 物理描述：
  Zinc nitrate is a colorless crystalline solid. Noncombustible, but accelerates the burning of combustible materials. If large quantities are involved in a fire or the combustible material is finely divided, an explosion may result. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat may result in an explosion. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires involving this material. It is used as a catalyst in the manufacture of other chemicals, in medicine, and in dyes.
• 颜色/状态：
  White powder
• 溶解度：
  Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C: 200 (very good)
• 分解：
  When heated to decomp it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides and zinc oxide/.

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.48
• 重原子数：
  9
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  126
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  6

ADMET

代谢

锌可以通过肺部、皮肤和胃肠途径进入人体。肠道对锌的吸收是由锌载体蛋白CRIP控制的。锌还与金属硫蛋白结合，帮助防止过量锌的吸收。锌在体内广泛分布，存在于所有组织和组织液中，尤其在肝脏、胃肠道、肾脏、皮肤、肺、大脑、心脏和胰腺中含量较高。在血液中，锌与红细胞中的碳酸酐酶结合，也与血浆中的白蛋白、α2-巨球蛋白和氨基酸结合。白蛋白和氨基酸结合的锌可以扩散穿过组织膜。锌通过尿液和粪便排出体外。摄入一定量的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐是人类氮循环的正常部分。在适当的条件下，硝酸盐可以在胃肠系统中转化为亚硝酸盐，显著增加硝酸盐的毒性效力。硝酸盐的主要代谢途径是转化为亚硝酸盐，然后转化为氨。亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐及其代谢物通过尿液排出体外。

Zinc can enter the body through the lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal absorption of zinc is controlled by zinc carrier protein CRIP. Zinc also binds to metallothioneins, which help prevent absorption of excess zinc. Zinc is widely distributed and found in all tissues and tissues fluids, concentrating in the liver, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, skin, lung, brain, heart, and pancreas. In the bloodstream zinc is found bound to carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes, as well as bound to albumin, _2-macroglobulin, and amino acids in the the plasma. Albumin and amino acid bound zinc can diffuse across tissue membranes. Zinc is excreted in the urine and faeces. Intake of some amount of nitrates and nitrites is a normal part of the nitrogen cycle in humans. In vivo conversion of nitrates to nitrites can occur in the gastrointestional tract under the right conditions, significantly enhancing nitrates' toxic potency. The major metabolic pathway for nitrate is conversion to nitrite, and then to ammonia. Nitrites, nitrates, and their metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L1137, L49)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

缺铁性贫血是由于锌的过度吸收抑制了铜和铁的吸收，这很可能是通过肠道粘膜细胞的竞争性结合实现的。铜和锌与铜锌超氧化物歧化酶结合的不平衡水平与肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）有关。胃酸能溶解金属锌，生成腐蚀性的氯化锌，这可能会损伤胃粘膜。金属烟雾热被认为是对吸入锌的免疫反应。硝酸盐的毒性是由于它进入体内后转化为亚硝酸盐。亚硝酸盐导致氧合血红蛋白的自动催化氧化，生成过氧化氢和高铁血红蛋白。高铁血红蛋白水平的升高是一种称为高铁血红蛋白血症的状况，其特点是组织缺氧，因为高铁血红蛋白无法结合氧气。(A2450, L1613, L48, L49, A49)

Anaemia results from the excessive absorption of zinc suppressing copper and iron absorption, most likely through competitive binding of intestinal mucosal cells. Unbalanced levels of copper and zinc binding to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase has been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Stomach acid dissolves metallic zinc to give corrosive zinc chloride, which can cause damage to the stomach lining. Metal fume fever is thought to be an immune response to inhaled zinc. Nitrate's toxicity is a result of it's conversion to nitrite once in the body. Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (A2450, L1613, L48, L49, A49)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

摄入硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐，在导致内源性亚硝化的条件下，可能对人类具有致癌性（2A组）。

Ingested nitrate or nitrite under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

长期接触锌会导致贫血、共济失调、乏力，并降低体内良好胆固醇的水平。还认为它会导致胰腺和生殖损害。硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐中毒会导致高铁血红蛋白血症。亚硝酸盐可能会导致怀孕并发症和发育影响。它们也可能具有致癌性。

Chronic exposure to zinc causes anemia, atazia, lethargy, and decreases the level of good cholesterol in the body. It is also believed to cause pancreatic and reproductive damage. Nitrate and nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (L1137, L49)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

该物质可以通过摄入被身体吸收。

The substance can be absorbed into the body by ingestion.

来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

吸入 (L49)；口服 (L49)；经皮 (L49)

Inhalation (L49) ; oral (L49) ; dermal (L49)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

吸收、分配和排泄

静脉注射锌后，锌会分布到红细胞、血浆和白细胞中；血液中大约80%的锌存在于红细胞中，12-20%在血浆中，大约3%在白细胞中。血浆和红细胞之间存在锌的动态交换。吸入锌盐的尘埃会在被吸收进入血液之前在肺部暂时积聚。通过皮肤吸收的锌或锌盐很少。大约80%的静脉注射锌通过粪便排出，这表明锌有肠肝循环。在人体中，大约10%的吸收锌通过尿液排出，在热带气候中，每天大约有2-3毫克的锌通过汗液丢失。/可溶性锌化合物/

Upon intravenous injection zinc is distributed to erythrocytes, plasma, and leukocytes; about 80% of the zinc present in the blood is found in the erythrocytes, 12-20% in the plasma, and about 3% in the leukocytes. ... There is a dynamic exchange of zinc between plasma and erythrocytes. Inhalation of dusts of zinc salts results in a transient accumulation in the lung before its absorption into the blood. There is little absorption of zinc or its salts through the skin. ... About 80% of parenterally administered zinc is excreted in the feces, suggesting an enterohepatic circulation for zinc. In humans, about 10% of the absorbed zinc is excreted in the urine, and in tropical climates about 2-3 mg zinc/day may be lost in sweat. /Soluble zinc compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  5.1
• 危险品标志：
  O,Xn
• 安全说明：
  S17,S26
• 危险类别码：
  R8
• WGK Germany：
  3
• RTECS号：
  ZH4775000
• 海关编码：
  2834299090
• 包装等级：
  II
• 危险类别：
  5.1

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  Zinc Nitrate 生成 氧化锌
  参考文献：
  名称：

  SPROSON D. W.; MESSING G. L.; GARDNER T. J., CERAM. INT., 12,(1986) N 1, 3-7

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  硝酸 生成 Zinc Nitrate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  LOSTAK, P.;BENES, L.;HORAK, J.;RAMBOUSEK, V., J. MATER. SCI., 25,(1990) NA, C. 1066-1068

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  氢氧化钾 、 ammonium hydroxide 、 氧化镧(III) 在 Zinc Nitrate 、 Zinc Oxide 碳 作用下， 反应 12.0h， 生成 硝酸镧
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Catalyst for the synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from urea and methanol, preparation and use thereof

  摘要：

  本发明公开了一种从尿素和甲醇制备二甲碳酸酯的催化剂，其重量比为：活性成分为20wt%至50wt%，载体为80wt%至50wt%，并通过等体积喷涂和浸渍法制备。二甲碳酸酯的合成方法可以在催化精馏反应器中进行，该方法包括：（1）将尿素溶解在甲醇中形成甲醇尿素溶液；（2）将甲醇尿素溶液和甲醇逆流进入反应区，反应在反应温度为120℃至250℃，反应压力为0.1MPa至5MPa，釜底温度为70℃至210℃，脱气段温度为70℃至250℃，精馏段温度为70℃至280℃，回流比为1:1至20:1的条件下进行。本发明所述催化剂的制备简单，重复性好，并且可以进一步提高催化精馏反应器中DMC的产量以及尿素的转化率。

  公开号：

  US20060047136A1

文献信息

• Polymeric metal terephthalate and isophthalate fibers
  申请人：Synthetic Products Company

  公开号：US05380593A1

  公开（公告）日：1995-01-10

  Anhydrous polymeric metal terephthalate and isophthalate fibers are disclosed and a method for making them wherein said metal is selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium, magnesium and zinc, said fibers have an average aspect ratio of greater than about 5:1. These fibers are very useful additives serving as property extenders and/or reinforcing agents in polymeric compositions and articles molded therefrom.

  公开了一种无水聚合金属对苯二甲酸和异苯二甲酸纤维的制备方法，其中所述的金属选自钙、钡、镁和锌组成的一组，所述纤维的平均纵横比大于约5:1。这些纤维是非常有用的添加剂，可以作为聚合物组合物和由此制成的制品的性能扩展剂和/或增强剂。
• Preparation of improved catalyst composition
  申请人：Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company

  公开号：US04386017A1

  公开（公告）日：1983-05-31

  A process for preparing a catalyst composition comprising copper oxide, zinc oxide and aluminum oxide as essential ingredients and optionally containing boron oxide, which comprises (a) a step of precipitating from an aqueous solution of a water-soluble copper salt optionally containing a water-soluble boron compound the copper component, together with the boron component if it is present, using an alkaline substance selected from alkali carbonates and alkali bicarbonates as a precipitant; (b) a step of blowing carbon dioxide gas into an aqueous dispersion of a zinc compound selected from zinc oxide and zinc hydroxide optionally containing a water-soluble boron compound to convert the zinc compound to basic zinc carbonate and simultaneously precipitate the boron component if it is present; and (c) a step of calcining a mixture of the solid products obtained in steps (a) and (b) in the presence of an alumina precursor compound. The resulting catalyst is useful for synthesizing methanol from a gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

  一种制备催化剂组成的方法，该催化剂组成包括铜氧化物、锌氧化物和氧化铝作为必要成分，可选地含有硼氧化物，其包括(a)从水溶性铜盐的水溶液中沉淀铜成分，如有的话，连同含硼的成分，使用碱性物质（碱性碳酸盐和碱性氢碳酸盐）作为沉淀剂；(b) 向选择自氧化锌和氢氧化锌的水分散体中吹入二氧化碳气体，可选地含有水溶性硼化合物，将锌化合物转化为碱性碳酸锌，并同时沉淀硼成分；(c) 在氧化铝前体化合物的存在下，煅烧步骤(a)和(b)中获得的固体产物的混合物。所得到的催化剂可用于从一种含有一氧化碳和/或二氧化碳和氢的气态混合物中合成甲醇。
• Method for cleaning exhaust gases
  申请人：Japan Pionics., Ltd.

  公开号：US04743435A1

  公开（公告）日：1988-05-10

  A method for cleaning an exhaust gas containing at least one toxic component selected from the group consisting of arsine, phosphine, diborane and hydrogen selenide is disclosed. The method comprises contacting the toxic component with a molded cleaning agent having a composition consisting essentially of (1) cupric oxide and (2) at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and zinc oxide and having a density of from about 1.5 to about 3.5 g/ml, said composition having a metal atomic ratio M/(M+Cu) in the range of from about 0.02 to about 0.7 wherein Cu represents a number of gram atom of copper and M represents a total number of gram atom of silicon, aluminum and/or zinc, to remove the toxic component from the exhaust gas.

  公开了一种清洁含有砷化氢、磷化氢、二硼烷和氢硒化物中至少一种有毒成分的废气的方法。该方法包括将有毒成分与一种成分组成基本上由（1）氧化亚铜和（2）至少一种金属氧化物组成的成型清洁剂接触，所述金属氧化物选自硅氧化物、氧化铝和氧化锌的组中，并具有从约1.5到约3.5克/毫升的密度，所述组成物具有金属原子比M/（M + Cu）在从约0.02到约0.7的范围内，其中Cu表示铜的克原子数，M表示硅、铝和/或锌的克原子总数，以从废气中去除有毒成分。
• Storage-stable solutions of accelerator systems
  申请人：Ciba-Geigy Corporation

  公开号：US05470896A1

  公开（公告）日：1995-11-28

  Solutions of accelerator systems comprising a binary system comprising a) 10 to 90% by weight of a salt of formula I [Me].sub.m.sup.x.sym. [R].sub.n.sup.y.crclbar. (I), wherein x and y are the respective number of charges and m and n are each a number 1, 2, 3 or 4, Me is a metal atom and R is the radical of an alcohol, phenol or thiophenol or of a carboxylic acid or thiocarboxylic acid, or 10 to 90% by weight of a salt of formula II [Me.sub.1 ].sub.m.sup.x.sym. [A].sub.n.sup.y.crclbar. (II), with an organic complex former containing one or more hetero atoms having free electron pairs, wherein Me.sub.1 is a metal atom or a group of the formula N(R.sub.1).sub.4, S(R.sub.1).sub.3 or P(R.sub.1).sub.4 wherein each R.sub.1 independently of the others is hydrogen, an unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or aryl radical, A is any anion and x, y, m and n are as defined above, and b) 90 to 10% by weight of an organic solvent containing at least one --OH, --OR.sub.1, --COOH, --COOR.sub.1, --COR.sub.1 or --CON(R.sub.1).sub.2 group wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen, an unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or aryl radical, are storage-stable with respect to temperature and time and do not precipitate, and the use thereof, for example for accelerating the hardening of epoxy resin/amine combinations, the drying times being in the range of about 15 to 40 minutes.

  加速器系统的解决方案包括二元体系，其中包括a）重量占10％至90％的公式I [Me] .sub.m.sup.x.sym. [R] .sub.n.sup.y.crclbar.（I）的盐，其中x和y分别是电荷数，m和n是1、2、3或4的数字，Me是金属原子，R是醇，酚或硫酚或羧酸或硫代羧酸的基团，或重量占10％至90％的公式II [Me.sub.1] .sub.m.sup.x.sym. [A] .sub.n.sup.y.crclbar.（II）的盐，与含有一个或多个具有自由电子对的杂原子的有机络合剂，其中Me.sub.1是金属原子或公式N（R.sub.1）.sub.4，S（R.sub.1）.sub.3或P（R.sub.1）.sub.4的基团，其中每个R.sub.1独立于其他人是氢，未取代或取代的C.sub.1-C.sub.6烷基或芳基基团，A是任何阴离子，x，y，m和n如上所定义，b）重量占90％至10％的有机溶剂，其中至少含有一个-OH，-OR.sub.1，-COOH，-COOR.sub.1，-COR.sub.1或-CON（R.sub.1）.sub.2基团，其中R.sub.1是氢，未取代或取代的C.sub.1-C.sub.6烷基或芳基基团，对于温度和时间具有储存稳定性且不沉淀，其用途，例如用于加速环氧树脂/胺组合物的固化，干燥时间在约15至40分钟之间。
• Hydrometallurgical process for producing zinc oxide
  申请人：BHP Minerals International Inc.

  公开号：US05441712A1

  公开（公告）日：1995-08-15

  A hydrometallurgical process for producing zinc oxide from an aqueous solution containing zinc ions is provided. The process comprises the steps of contacting a zinc solution with an insoluble organic solvent selective to the extraction of zinc and thereby produce a zinc-loaded organic solvent. The zinc is then stripped from the zinc-loaded organic solvent with a solution of nitric acid to form a solution of zinc nitrate. The zinc nitrate solution is subjected to thermal hydrolysis at an elevated temperature in the presence of pressurized water vapor, the temperature being at least sufficient to decompose the zinc nitrate to zinc oxide which is thereafter recovered.

  提供了一种从含锌离子的水溶液中生产氧化锌的水冶法工艺。该工艺包括以下步骤：将锌溶液与一种对锌具有选择性的不溶性有机溶剂接触，从而产生一种装载锌的有机溶剂。然后，使用硝酸溶液从装载锌的有机溶剂中去除锌，形成一种硝酸锌溶液。在加压水蒸气存在下，将锌硝酸溶液在高温下进行热水解，温度至少足以分解锌硝酸盐成氧化锌，然后回收氧化锌。