铬硫酸盐六水合物 | 15005-90-0

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 过渡金属氧阴离子化合物
• 中文名称: 铬硫酸盐六水合物
• 英文名称: Chromium(III) sulfate, hexahydrate (2:3:6)
• 英文别名: chromium(3+);disulfate;hexahydrate
• CAS: 15005-90-0
• 化学式: Cr3H12O14S2+5
• 分子量: 456.2
• InChiKey: GEXKWFJSXLCCEG-UHFFFAOYSA-J

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -7.63
• 重原子数：
  19
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  183
• 氢给体数：
  6
• 氢受体数：
  14

ADMET

代谢

铬通过口腔、吸入或皮肤接触被吸收，并分布到几乎所有组织中，肾脏和肝脏中浓度最高。骨骼也是一个主要的储存场所，并可能对长期保留有所贡献。六价铬与硫酸盐和铬酸盐的相似性使其能够通过硫酸盐转运机制进入细胞。在细胞内，六价铬首先被还原为五价铬，然后通过包括抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽和烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸等多种物质还原为三价铬。铬几乎全部通过尿液排出。(A12, L16)

Chromium is absorbed from oral, inhalation, or dermal exposure and distributes to nearly all tissues, with the highest concentrations found in kidney and liver. Bone is also a major storage site and may contribute to long-term retention. Hexavalent chromium's similarity to sulfate and chromate allow it to be transported into cells via sulfate transport mechanisms. Inside the cell, hexavalent chromium is reduced first to pentavalent chromium, then to trivalent chromium by many substances including ascorbate, glutathione, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Chromium is almost entirely excreted with the urine. (A12, L16)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

三价铬还可能形成与肽、蛋白质和DNA的复合物，导致DNA-蛋白质交联、DNA链断裂、DNA-DNA链间交联、铬-DNA加合物、染色体重排和细胞信号通路改变。已经证明，它通过过度刺激细胞调控途径和通过激活某些丝裂原活化蛋白激酶增加过氧化氢水平来诱导癌变。它还可能通过将组蛋白去乙酰化酶1-DNA甲基转移酶1复合物与CYP1A1启动子染色质交联，从而抑制组蛋白修饰，导致转录抑制。铬可能通过修饰金属调控转录因子1，导致抑制锌诱导的金属硫蛋白转录，从而增加其自身的毒性。(A12, L16, A34, A35, A36)

Trivalent chromium may also form complexes with peptides, proteins, and DNA, resulting in DNA-protein crosslinks, DNA strand breaks, DNA-DNA interstrand crosslinks, chromium-DNA adducts, chromosomal aberrations and alterations in cellular signaling pathways. It has been shown to induce carcinogenesis by overstimulating cellular regulatory pathways and increasing peroxide levels by activating certain mitogen-activated protein kinases. It can also cause transcriptional repression by cross-linking histone deacetylase 1-DNA methyltransferase 1 complexes to CYP1A1 promoter chromatin, inhibiting histone modification. Chromium may increase its own toxicity by modifying metal regulatory transcription factor 1, causing the inhibition of zinc-induced metallothionein transcription. (A12, L16, A34, A35, A36)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

3, 无法归类其对人类致癌性的类别。(L135)

3, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

三价铬的毒性并不大。它可能被氧化成六价铬，这是一种已知的致癌物质。六价铬还被证明能够影响生殖和发育。（A12）

Chromium in its trivalent state is not very toxic. It may be oxidized to hexavalent chromium, a known carcinogen. Hexavalent chromium has also been shown to affect reproduction and development. (A12)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L16）；吸入（L16）；皮肤给药（L16）

Oral (L16) ; inhalation (L16) ; dermal (L16)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

三价铬的毒性并不大，但它可能会被氧化成六价铬。吸入六价铬会对鼻粘膜造成刺激，引发鼻溃疡、流鼻涕以及呼吸问题，如哮喘、咳嗽、气短或喘鸣。摄入六价铬会在胃和小肠造成刺激和溃疡，还会引起贫血。皮肤接触可能导致皮肤溃疡。

Chromium in its trivalent state is not very toxic, but it may be oxidized to hexavalent chromium. Breathing hexavalent chromium can cause irritation to the lining of the nose, nose ulcers, runny nose, and breathing problems, such as asthma, cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing. Ingestion of hexavalent chromium causes irritation and ulcers in the stomach and small intestine, as well as anemia. Skin contact can cause skin ulcers. (L16)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

制备方法与用途

类别：有毒物质

毒性分级：中毒

急性毒性（静脉-大鼠）：LDL0为144毫克/公斤

可燃性危险特性：不可燃烧；火场会产生有毒的含铬、硫氧化物烟雾。

储运特性：库房应低温、通风且干燥。

灭火剂：水、二氧化碳、干粉或砂土。

职业标准：时间加权平均浓度（TWA）为0.5毫克/立方米（六价铬）。