Self-assembly is a fundamental feature of biological systems, and control of such processes offers fascinating opportunities to regulate function. Fragaceatoxin C (FraC) is a toxin that upon binding to the surface of sphingomyelin-rich cells undergoes a structural metamorphosis, leading to the assembly of nanopores at the cell membrane and causing cell death. In this study we attached photoswitchable azobenzene pendants to various locations near the sphingomyelin binding pocket of FraC with the aim of remote controlling the nanopore assembly using light. We found several constructs in which the affinity of the toxin for biological membranes could be activated or deactivated by irradiation, thus enabling reversible photocontrol of pore formation. Notably, one construct was completely inactive in the thermally adapted state; it however induced full lysis of cultured cancer cells upon light irradiation. Selective irradiation also allowed isolation of individual nanopores in artificial lipid membranes. Photocontrolled FraC might find applications in photopharmacology for cancer therapeutics and has potential to be used for the fabrication of nanopore arrays in nanopore sensing devices, where the reconstitution, with high spatiotemporal precision, of single nanopores must be controlled.
Self-assembly is a fundamental feature of biological systems, and control of such processes offers fascinating opportunities to regulate function. Fragaceatoxin C (FraC) is a toxin that upon binding to the surface of sphingomyelin-rich cells undergoes a structural metamorphosis, leading to the assembly of nanopores at the cell membrane and causing cell death. In this study we attached photoswitchable azobenzene pendants to various locations near the sphingomyelin binding pocket of FraC with the aim of remote controlling the nanopore assembly using light. We found several constructs in which the affinity of the toxin for biological membranes could be activated or deactivated by irradiation, thus enabling reversible photocontrol of pore formation. Notably, one construct was completely inactive in the thermally adapted state; it however induced full lysis of cultured cancer cells upon light irradiation. Selective irradiation also allowed isolation of individual nanopores in artificial lipid membranes. Photocontrolled FraC might find applications in photopharmacology for cancer therapeutics and has potential to be used for the fabrication of nanopore arrays in nanopore sensing devices, where the reconstitution, with high spatiotemporal precision, of single nanopores must be controlled.
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft neue Azofarbstoffe der allgemeinen Formel
mit der Maßgabe, daß die Reste D-N=N- und -OH in ortho- Stellung zueinander stehen.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin Metallkomplexe der Azofarbstoffe (1). Für Formel (1) gilt:
D = aromatisch carbocyclischer oder aromatisch heterocyclischer Rest,
R = H oder SO3H,
R1 = H oder C,-C4-Alkyl,
wobei
Y = -NO2, -NH2 oder -NH-Z
Z = faserreaktiver Rest oder nichtfaserreaktiver Carbonyl- oder Sulfonylrest.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin die für die Herstellung von Azofarbstoffen (1) geeigneten neuen Naphtholamin-Derivate der Formel
worin
R = H oder S03H
R, = H oder C1-C4-Alkyl
本发明涉及通式为
的新偶氮染料,其限制条件是自由基 D-N=N- 和 -OH 互为正交位置。
本发明还涉及偶氮染料(1)的金属络合物。以下内容适用于式(1):
D = 芳香碳环或芳香杂环基、
R = H 或 SO3H、
R1 = H 或 C,-C4-烷基、
其中
Y = -NO2、-NH2 或 -NH-Z
Z = 纤维反应基或非纤维反应羰基或磺酰基。
本发明还涉及适用于制备式(1)偶氮染料的新萘胺衍生物
式中
R = H 或 S03H
R, = H 或 C1-C4- 烷基
Naphtolamin-Derivate
申请人:BAYER AG
公开号:EP0177978A2
公开(公告)日:1986-04-16
VerbindungenderFormel
in der R, H oder SO3H, R1, H oder C1-C4-Alkyl und X1
bezeichnen, sowie die Verbindung der Formel
sind wertvolle Zwischenprodukte zur Herstellung von Farbstoffen.
式中 R 表示 H 或 SO3H,R1 表示 H 或 C1-C4 烷基,X1 和式中化合物是生产着色剂的重要中间体。
REVERSIBLE PHOTO-CONTROLLED FRAC NANOPORES, MODIFIED FRAC MONOMERS, METHODS FOR PREPARING THE SAME, AND USES THEREOF
申请人:RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT GRONINGEN
公开号:EP3771687A1
公开(公告)日:2021-02-03
The invention relates to the fields of photopharmacology and photo-controlled analyte sensing. More in particular, it relates to a pore forming toxin Fragaceatoxin C (FraC) from Actina fragacea that can be reversibly controlled by using light as external trigger. Provided is a modified FraC monomer capable of forming a photo-controlled FraC nanopore, the FraC monomer comprising a photoswitchable moiety, e.g. an azobenzene-based photoswitch, covalently attached to one or more of the positions K77, W112, E134, Y138, and S166.