The present invention relates to metal complexes and to elec
tronic devices, in particular organic electroluminescent devices, com-pris
ing these metal complexes. M(L)n(L′)m (formula 1), where the compound of the gene
ral formula (1) contains a moiety M(L)n of the formula (2).
Isomer distributions of dibenzofuran (DBF) in Friedel-Crafts acylations, Friedel-Crafts alkylations, and nitrations have been determined. The 2- and 3-positions of DBF represents most of the total reactivity. However, the ratio of 2- to 3-isomers greatly varied, depending on the nature of the electrophile. The positional reactivities have been found to be in the following sequence: 2- > 3- > 1- > 4-positions for Friedel-Crafts acylations, Friedel-Crafts benzylations, and nitrations with alkyl nitrate/Lewis acid or nitronium tetrafluoroborate. The ratios for acylations varied over a range from 13.1 to 2.9, while for benzylations and nitrations from 2.0 to 1.0. In contrast, for nitrations of DBF with nitric acid a different reactivity order was found: 3- > 2- > 1- > 4-, with the ratio varying from 0.8 to 0.03 depending on the nature of solvents used. The selectivity for the 3-substitution increased with increase in nitronium ion-like character of nitrating reagents. In particular, nitration with nitric acid in dichloromethane gave mostly 3-nitro-DBF (95% of the four possible isomeric mixture). The charge-transfer nitration with tetranitromethane under the UV irradiation has shown a similar isomer distribution to that in nitration with nitric acid. The MNDO calculations predicts that the late transition-state model (by sigma-complex) favors reactions at the 2-position while the early transition-state model (by HOMO electron density) leads to the 3-substitution.
Palladium-Catalyzed Acetylation of Arenes
作者:Stephen D. Ramgren、Neil K. Garg
DOI:10.1021/ol403570z
日期:2014.2.7
A simple method for the preparation of aryl methyl ketones is reported. The transformation involves the Pd-catalyzed coupling of an acyl anion equivalent, acetyltrimethylsilane, with aryl bromides to afford the corresponding acetylated arenes in synthetically useful yields. The methodology is tolerant of heterocycles and provides a new method for arene functionalization.
US9273080B2
申请人:——
公开号:US9273080B2
公开(公告)日:2016-03-01
A Remarkable Difference of the Positional Selectivity in Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution of Dibenzofuran between the Classical σ-Complex and Charge-Transfer Mechanisms
Electrophilic nitration of dibenzofuran with nitric acid by a charge-transfer mechanism occurs exclusively at the 3-position and on the other hand, substitution at the 2-position predominates in the acylation, in which a classical σ-complex mechanism is important.