Toxicity of Pumiliotoxin 251D and Synthetic Analogs to the Cotton Pest Heliothis virescens
摘要:
A series of 13 simplified analogs of frog skin derived pumiliotoxin indolizidine alkaloids was prepared and evaluated for their toxicity to the larvae of the important cotton pest Heliothis virescens. The alkyl side chain of pumiliotoxin 251D was replaced with a variety of substituents designed to influence or restrict-its conformation and its ability to act as a site of metabolic detoxification. Significantly, a substituent in the R configuration at the C-2' carbon of the side chain was required for toxicity. Computational studies suggested that this substituent may control the active conformation of the side chain. No structural modification led to a significant improvement in toxicity over the natural product.
Conversion of 3,3,3-Trisubstituted Prop-1-ynes with <i>tert</i>-Butylhydrazine into 3,3,3-Trisubstituted Propionitriles Catalyzed by TpRh(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>/P(2-furyl)<sub>3</sub>
tris(pyrazol-1-yl)borate) and P(2-furyl)3 catalyzes the reaction of tertiary alkyl-substituted alkynes with tert-butylhydrazine, leading to the formation of 3,3,3-trisubstituted propionitrile derivatives. This reaction system is applicable to 1,1-disubstituted propargyl alcohols and amines to afford the corresponding β-cyanohydrins and β-amino nitriles, respectively. The catalytic cycle involves the formation
TpRh(C 2 H 4)2(Tp =三(吡唑-1-基)硼酸酯)和P(2-呋喃基)3的组合催化叔烷基取代的炔烃与叔丁基肼的反应,导致形成3,3,3-三取代的丙腈衍生物。该反应体系适用于1,1-二取代的炔丙醇和胺,分别得到相应的β-氰醇和β-氨基腈。催化循环涉及形成乙烯基亚乙基络合物作为关键中间体。