cacodylic acid anion | 15132-04-4

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机金属化合物 - 有机类金属化合物
• 英文名称: cacodylic acid anion
• 英文别名: dimethylarsinate；dimethylarsinite；Arsinic acid anion；Kakodylat
• CAS: 15132-04-4
• 化学式: C₂H₆AsO₂
• 分子量: 136.99
• InChiKey: OGGXGZAMXPVRFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.52
• 重原子数：
  5
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  1.0
• 拓扑面积：
  40.1
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  2

ADMET

代谢

砒霜及其代谢物主要通过尿液排出。

Arsenic and its metabolites are primarily excreted in the urine. (L2)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

砒霜及其代谢物通过不同的机制干扰ATP的产生。在柠檬酸循环的水平上，砒霜抑制了丙酮酸脱氢酶，并通过与磷酸竞争解偶联氧化磷酸化。这导致能量连接的NAD+还原、线粒体呼吸和ATP合成的抑制。过氧化氢的产生增加，导致由于活性氧种类的形成而引起的氧化应激。砒霜的致癌性受到砒霜与微管蛋白结合的影响，这导致非整倍体、多倍体和有丝分裂的停滞。其他砒霜蛋白质靶点的结合也可能导致DNA修复酶活性的改变、DNA甲基化模式的改变和细胞增殖的增加。（T1, A17）

Arsenic and its metabolites disrupt ATP production through different mechanisms. At the level of the citric acid cycle, arsenic inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase and uncouples the oxidative phosphorylation by competing with phosphate. This leads to inhibition of energy-linked reduction of NAD+, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide production is increased, leading to oxidative stress due to the formation of reactive oxygen species. Arsenic's carginogenicity is influenced by the arsenical binding of tubulin, which results in aneuploidy, polyploidy and mitotic arrests. The binding of other arsenic protein targets may also cause altered DNA repair enzyme activity, altered DNA methylation patterns and cell proliferation. (T1, A17)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

2B，可能对人类有致癌性。

2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

砒霜中毒可能导致多系统器官衰竭死亡，可能是由于细胞坏死而非凋亡。砒霜也是一种已知的致癌物，尤其是在皮肤癌、肝癌、膀胱癌和肺癌中。

Arsenic poisoning can lead to death from multi-system organ failure, probably from necrotic cell death, not apoptosis. Arsenic is also a known carcinogen, especially in skin, liver, bladder and lung cancers. (T1, L20)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L2）；吸入（L2）；皮肤（L2）

Oral (L2) ; inhalation (L2); dermal (L2)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

暴露于较低水平的砷可以导致恶心和呕吐，减少红白细胞的生产，心律异常，血管损伤，以及手和脚出现“针扎”般的感觉。吸入高水平的无机砷可以引起喉咙痛或肺部刺激。砷还会影响大脑，造成神经学方面的干扰，如头痛、混乱和嗜睡。

Exposure to lower levels of arsenic can cause nausea and vomiting, decreased production of red and white blood cells, abnormal heart rhythm, damage to blood vessels, and a sensation of “pins and needles” in hands and feet. Breathing high levels of inorganic arsenic can provoque sore throat or irritated lungs. Arsenic also affects the brain, causing neurological disturbances such as headaches, confusion, and drowsiness. (A1)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  cacodylic acid anion 、 phosphorylated pyridine 在 potassium chloride 作用下， 以 水 为溶剂， 生成
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Herschlag, Daniel; Jencks, William P., Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1990, vol. 112, # 5, p. 1951 - 1956

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  卡可基氧 、 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid anion 生成 3,5-二硝基水杨酸 、 cacodylic acid anion
  参考文献：
  名称：

  分子内氢键对质子转移反应的影响。涉及取代水杨酸的酸碱反应的温度跳跃研究

  摘要：

  DOI：

  10.1021/j150663a008
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  alpha-乙酰氧基-N-亚硝基吡咯烷 在 sodium azide 、 cacodylic acid anion 作用下， 反应 40.0h， 生成 (Z)-α-azido-N-nitrosopyrrolidine
  参考文献：
  名称：

  环状 α-乙酰氧基亚硝胺：α-羟基亚硝胺和亚硝基亚胺离子反应中间体的分解和稳定性机理

  摘要：

  报道了α-乙酰氧基-N-亚硝基吡咯烷和α-乙酰氧基-N-亚硝基哌啶的衰变动力学和机理研究。这些化合物在生理 pH 下的反应性差异超过 2 个数量级。根据热力学参数、普通离子抑制和叠氮离子捕获实验，两种化合物似乎在这些条件下通过形成 N-亚硝基亚胺离子中间体而分解。根据随附论文中描述的从头研究的结果，反应性的差异被合理化。还总结了对亚硝基哌啶和亚硝基吡咯烷的环状 α-羟基亚硝胺和第三种化合物 2-羟基-2-甲基亚硝基吡咯烷的衰变动力学的首次直接研究。这些被证明是高度不稳定的反应中间体，

  DOI：

  10.1021/ja9902975

文献信息

• Mechanistic Information from Pressure Acceleration of Hydride Formation via Proton Binding to a Cobalt(I) Macrocycle
  作者：Etsuko Fujita、James F. Wishart、Rudi van Eldik

  DOI：10.1021/ic011109q

  日期：2002.3.1

  occurring via proton transfer. Whereas the corresponding volumes of activation (DeltaV) are rather small and negative for all acids (proton donors) with pK(a) values below 8.5, significantly larger negative activation volumes are found for weaker acids (pK(a) > 9.5) containing OH groups as proton donors. In the latter case, the observed DeltaV for these protonation reactions show a correlation with the reaction

  压力对质子与钴（I）大环的外消旋异构体CoL（+）结合的影响（L = 5,7,7,12,14,14-六甲基-1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷- 4,11-diene），已使用脉冲辐射分解技术研究了一系列质子供体。CoL（+）与质子供体反应的二级速率常数随供体酸pK（a）的增加而降低，这与通过质子转移发生的反应一致。对于pK（a）值低于8.5的所有酸（质子供体），相应的激活量（DeltaV）相当小且为负，而对于含OH的弱酸（pK（a）> 9.5），则发现其负激活量明显更大。团体作为质子供体。在后一种情况下，
• Enzymic Methylation of Arsenic Compounds: Assay, Partial Purification, and Properties of Arsenite Methyltransferase and Monomethylarsonic Acid Methyltransferase of Rabbit Liver
  作者：Robert Zakharyan、Yuan Wu、Gregory M. Bogdan、H. Vasken Aposhian

  DOI：10.1021/tx00050a006

  日期：1995.12

  present time for these enzyme activities being on different protein molecules. Neither arsenate, selenate, selenite, or selenide are methylated by the purified enzyme preparations. Results from the use of crude extracts, often called cytosol, to study the properties of these methyltransferases dealing with arsenic species should be viewed with caution since such crude extracts contain inhibiting and

  已经开发出一种利用放射性S-腺苷甲硫氨酸（SAM）的快速，准确的体外测定方法，用于兔肝甲基转移酶对亚砷酸和单甲基ar酸酯（MMA）的甲基化。通过使用氯仿萃取，离子交换色谱，TLC或HPLC分离，鉴定和测量反应产物，已经验证了该测定法。已从兔肝中纯化了约2000倍的与该途径有关的酶，亚砷酸甲基转移酶和MMA甲基转移酶。凝胶电泳后，获得具有两个酶活性的单条带。纯化的亚砷酸甲基转移酶和单甲基ar磺酸甲基转移酶的最适pH分别为8.2和8.0。硫醇S-腺苷甲硫氨酸 对于部分纯化的亚砷酸盐甲基转移酶（催化一甲基ar磺酸盐的合成）而言，亚砷酸盐是必需的。催化单甲基ar酸酯甲基化为二甲基ar酸酯的另一种酶活性也需要SAM和巯基。尽管亚砷酸甲基转移酶和单甲基砷酸甲基转移酶具有不同的底物，最适pH和底物的饱和浓度，但仍无法确定两种活性是存在于一个蛋白质分子上还是存在于不同的蛋白质分子上。通过凝胶排阻色谱法测定
• Transmissible gastroenteritis virus genes
  申请人：University of Tennessee

  公开号：US05202430A1

  公开（公告）日：1993-04-13

  The present invention provides recombinant DNA molecules comprising a sequence encoding a transmissible gastroenteritis virus polypeptide selected from the group consisting of M, N and P, host cells transformed by said recombinant DNA molecule sequences, the M, N and P polypeptides. The present invention also provides subunit vaccines for TGEV.

  本发明提供了重组DNA分子，其中包括编码可传播性胃肠炎病毒多肽的序列，所述多肽选择自M、N和P，以及由该重组DNA分子序列转化的宿主细胞，M、N和P多肽。本发明还提供了用于TGEV的亚单位疫苗。
• COMPOSITION FOR MEASURING THE BINDING AFFINITY BETWEEN NUCLEIC ACID AND TEST SUBSTANCE, AND USE THEREOF
  申请人：Nakatani Kazuhiko

  公开号：US20110263041A1

  公开（公告）日：2011-10-27

  In one embodiment of the present invention, a composition is disclosed for measuring a binding affinity between a nucleic acid and a test substance, which contains an organic fluorescent substance capable of binding to an RNA and which emits fluorescence having an intensity greater while the organic fluorescent substance is liberated from an RNA than while the organic fluorescent substance is bound to an RNA. This enables a highly accurate and easy measurement of a binding affinity between a test substance and a nucleic acid, and allows various substances to be examined as a test substance.

  在本发明的一种实施例中，揭示了一种用于测量核酸与测试物之间结合亲和力的组合物，该组合物包含一种有机荧光物质，能够结合到RNA并在有机荧光物质从RNA中释放时发出强度更大的荧光，而在有机荧光物质结合到RNA时发出的荧光强度较小。这使得测试物与核酸之间的结合亲和力能够高度精确和容易地测量，并允许各种物质作为测试物进行检查。
• Composition for measuring the binding affinity between nucleic acid and test substance, and use thereof
  申请人：Nakatani Kazuhiko

  公开号：US08741659B2

  公开（公告）日：2014-06-03

  In one embodiment of the present invention, a composition is disclosed for measuring a binding affinity between a nucleic acid and a test substance, which contains an organic fluorescent substance capable of binding to an RNA and which emits fluorescence having an intensity greater while the organic fluorescent substance is liberated from an RNA than while the organic fluorescent substance is bound to an RNA. This enables a highly accurate and easy measurement of a binding affinity between a test substance and a nucleic acid, and allows various substances to be examined as a test substance.

  在本发明的一个实施例中，公开了一种用于测量核酸和测试物质之间结合亲和力的组合物，其中包含一种有机荧光物质，该有机荧光物质能够结合到RNA并发出荧光，当有机荧光物质从RNA中释放出来时，其发出的荧光强度比其结合到RNA时更大。这使得测试物质和核酸之间的结合亲和力能够高度准确和轻松地测量，并允许检查各种物质作为测试物质。