Effect of Low-Fat and/or Low-Energy Diets on Anthropometric Measures in Participants of the Women’s Diet Study
摘要:
Objective: To compare the effects of low-fat, low-energy and combination low-fat/low-energy intervention on changes in six anthropometric measures in Caucasian and African-American free-living women.Methods: The effects of dietary counseling strategies for fat and/or energy reduction were examined on anthropometric measures in 86 pre-menopausal women, average BMI of 28 kg/m(2), who participated in a 12-week intervention trial called the Women's Diet Study. The dietary goals were 1510 of energy from fat and/or 25% reduction in energy intake, relative to reported baseline intake, using a 2 x 2 factorial design. Analysis of covariance models were constructed to evaluate changes in anthropometric measures over the 12 weeks of study.Results: The biggest difference by race was in women who were relatively heavier at baseline, in which case African-American women lost significantly less weight but decreased their waist:hip ratio to a significantly greater extent than Caucasian women. With regard to the effects of diet arm, weight loss varied depending on baseline weight, and in women with higher baseline weights, the combination low-fat/low-energy diet resulted in the most weight loss (6.7 kg, p < 0.05). Decreases in the other anthropometric measures at week 12 were more uniform across diet arms and did not depend on baseline values. After controlling for previous weight history and race, the decreases in BMI, percent body fat and waist circumference after 12 weeks were statistically equivalent with the low-fat, low-energy or combination low-fat/low-energy diets. The relatively greater decreases in percent body fat and waist circumference with the combination diet versus the low-fat or low-energy diets were not statistically significant.Conclusion: The low-fat, low-energy and combination diets all resulted in similar and statistically significant decreases in BMI, percent body fat and waist circumference over 12 weeks of intervention. The extent of weight loss, however, varied depending on baseline weight, and the combination diet was the only intervention to result in significant weight loss for women who were heavier at baseline. This indicates that, although there may be an advantage for reducing dietary fat in initially heavier women, any of these counseling strategies could be effective for improving anthropometric predictors of health risks associated with overweight status. This is useful since flexibility in dietary choices may facilitate adherence to dietary counseling in some individuals.
Iodine Promoted Regioselective α-Sulfenylation of Carbonyl Compounds using Dimethyl Sulfoxide as an Oxidant
作者:Yogesh Siddaraju、Kandikere Ramaiah Prabhu
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.6b03084
日期:2016.12.2
A metal-free regioselective sulfenylation of the α-CH3 group of ketones has been achieved in the presence of the α-CH2 or α-CH group using the cross dehydrogenative (CDC) strategy. Aldehydes also exhibit good selectivity forming the corresponding α-sulfenylated products. This efficient sulfenylation of ketones or aldehydes with thiones or heterocyclic thiols utilizes dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an
Process for producing optically active beta-amino alcohol
申请人:Nishiyama Akira
公开号:US20050277791A1
公开(公告)日:2005-12-15
A process for easily producing an optically active β-amino alcohol useful as a pharmaceutical intermediate from an inexpensive, readily available starting material is provided. A readily available α-substituted ketone is reacted with an optically active amine to yield a diastereomer mixture of an optically active α-substituted aminoketone. One of the diastereomers is isolated optionally after the diastereomers are converted to salts with an acid. The optically active α-substituted aminoketone or a salt thereof thus isolated was stereoselectively reduced to yield an optically active β-substituted amino alcohol. The optically active β-substituted amino alcohol is subjected to hydrogenolysis to produce an optically active β-amino alcohol or a salt thereof.
Process for producing optically active β-amino alcohol
申请人:Kaneka Corporation
公开号:US07408084B2
公开(公告)日:2008-08-05
A process for easily producing an optically active β-amino alcohol useful as a pharmaceutical intermediate from an inexpensive, readily available starting material is provided. A readily available α-substituted ketone is reacted with an optically active amine to yield a diastereomer mixture of an optically active α-substituted aminoketone. One of the diastereomers is isolated optionally after the diastereomers are converted to salts with an acid. The optically active α-substituted aminoketone or a salt thereof thus isolated was stereoselectively reduced to yield an optically active β-substituted amino alcohol. The optically active β-substituted amino alcohol is subjected to hydrogenolysis to produce an optically active β-amino alcohol or a salt thereof.
Ni(II)-Mediated Photochemical Oxidative Esterification of Aldehydes with Phenols
作者:Lu-Lu Chai、You-Hui Zhao、David James Young、Xinhua Lu、Hong-Xi Li
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02560
日期:2022.9.30
The photopromoted, Ni-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenation esterification of phenols and aromatic aldehydes has been achieved in an oxidant- and external photosensitizer-free manner. This reliable and atom-economical transformation was tolerant to a wide range of functional groups and proceeded efficiently to give various aryl benzoates in moderate to high yields. Additionally, this photocatalytic
PROCESS FOR PRODUCING OPTICALLY ACTIVE s-AMINO ALCOHOL
申请人:KANEKA CORPORATION
公开号:EP1512677A1
公开(公告)日:2005-03-09
A process for easily producing an optically active β-amino alcohol useful as a pharmaceutical intermediate from an inexpensive, readily available starting material is provided. A readily available α-substituted ketone is reacted with an optically active amine to yield a diastereomer mixture of an optically active α-substituted aminoketone. One of the diastereomers is isolated optionally after the diastereomers are converted to salts with an acid. The optically active α-substituted aminoketone or a salt thereof thus isolated was stereoselectively reduced to yield an optically active β-substituted amino alcohol. The optically active β-substituted amino alcohol is subjected to hydrogenolysis to produce an optically active β-amino alcohol or a salt thereof.