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碘化亚铜 | 7681-65-4

中文名称
碘化亚铜
中文别名
一碘化铜;碘化铜(I);碘化铜;碘化亚铜(I)
英文名称
copper(I) iodide
英文别名
copper iodide;copper iodide (CuI);copper monoiodide;Cuprous iodide;iodocopper;copper(1+);iodide
碘化亚铜化学式
CAS
7681-65-4
化学式
CuI
mdl
——
分子量
190.451
InChiKey
LSXDOTMGLUJQCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    605 °C (lit.)
  • 沸点:
    1290 °C/1 atm (decomp)(lit.)
  • 密度:
    5.62 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
  • 闪点:
    1290°C
  • 溶解度:
    稀酸水溶液:不溶(加热)
  • 暴露限值:
    ACGIH: TWA 1 mg/m3; TWA 0.01 ppmNIOSH: IDLH 100 mg/m3; TWA 1 mg/m3
  • 物理描述:
    DryPowder; OtherSolid
  • 颜色/状态:
    DENSE POWDER OR CUBIC CRYSTALS (ZINC BLENDE STRUCTURE)
  • 蒸汽压力:
    10 MM HG @ 656 °C
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    It is generally stable in air & is less photosensitive than the chloride or bromide.
  • 折光率:
    INDEX OF REFRACTION: 2.346

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    0.88
  • 重原子数:
    2
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    0
  • 氢给体数:
    0
  • 氢受体数:
    0

ADMET

代谢
铜主要通过胃肠道吸收,但也可以通过吸入和皮肤吸收。它通过基底外侧膜,可能是通过调节铜转运蛋白,并与血清白蛋白结合被运输到肝脏和肾脏。肝脏是铜稳态的关键器官。在肝脏和其他组织中,铜以与金属硫蛋白、氨基酸结合以及与依赖铜的酶相关联的形式储存,然后分配通过胆汁排出或并入细胞内和细胞外蛋白中。铜通过血浆中与血清白蛋白、铜蓝蛋白或低分子量复合物结合被运输到外周组织。铜可能诱导金属硫蛋白和铜蓝蛋白的产生。膜结合的铜转运腺苷三磷酸酶(Cu-ATPase)将铜离子输送到细胞内和细胞外。体内生理正常水平的铜通过改变铜的吸收速率和数量、分布区域以及排泄来保持恒定。(L277, L279)
Copper is mainly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, but it can also be inhalated and absorbed dermally. It passes through the basolateral membrane, possibly via regulatory copper transporters, and is transported to the liver and kidney bound to serum albumin. The liver is the critical organ for copper homoeostasis. In the liver and other tissues, copper is stored bound to metallothionein, amino acids, and in association with copper-dependent enzymes, then partitioned for excretion through the bile or incorporation into intra- and extracellular proteins. The transport of copper to the peripheral tissues is accomplished through the plasma attached to serum albumin, ceruloplasmin or low-molecular-weight complexes. Copper may induce the production of metallothionein and ceruloplasmin. The membrane-bound copper transporting adenosine triphosphatase (Cu-ATPase) transports copper ions into and out of cells. Physiologically normal levels of copper in the body are held constant by alterations in the rate and amount of copper absorption, compartmental distribution, and excretion. (L277, L279)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
过量的铜被储存在肝细胞溶酶体中,在那里它与金属硫蛋白结合。当溶酶体饱和,铜在细胞核中积累,导致核损伤时,铜的肝脏毒性被认为会发生。这种损伤可能是由于氧化损伤,包括脂质过氧化。铜抑制含有巯基的酶,如葡萄糖-6-磷酸1-脱氢酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶和对氧磷酶,这些酶保护细胞免受自由基的侵害。它还影响基因表达,并且是氧化酶如细胞色素C氧化酶和赖氨氧化酶的辅因子。此外,由铜引起的氧化应激被认为会激活酸性鞘磷脂酶,导致神经酰胺的产生,这是一种凋亡信号,同时也会引起溶血性贫血。铜引起的呕吐是由于迷走神经的刺激。
Excess copper is sequestered within hepatocyte lysosomes, where it is complexed with metallothionein. Copper hepatotoxicity is believed to occur when the lysosomes become saturated and copper accumulates in the nucleus, causing nuclear damage. This damage is possibly a result of oxidative damage, including lipid peroxidation. Copper inhibits the sulfhydryl group enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, and paraoxonases, which protect the cell from free oxygen radicals. It also influences gene expression and is a co-factor for oxidative enzymes such as cytochrome C oxidase and lysyl oxidase. In addition, the oxidative stress induced by copper is thought to activate acid sphingomyelinase, which lead to the production of ceramide, an apoptotic signal, as well as cause hemolytic anemia. Copper-induced emesis results from stimulation of the vagus nerve. (L277, T49, A174, L280)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
对人类无致癌性(未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 健康影响
人们每天必须吸收少量铜,因为铜对健康至关重要。然而,高水平的铜可能有害。极高的铜剂量可能对肝脏和肾脏造成损害,甚至可能导致死亡。铜可能在敏感人群中引发过敏反应。
People must absorb small amounts of copper every day because copper is essential for good health, however, high levels of copper can be harmful. Very-high doses of copper can cause damage to your liver and kidneys, and can even cause death. Copper may induce allergic responses in sensitive individuals. (L278, L279)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 暴露途径
口服(L277);吸入(L277);皮肤给药(L277)
Oral (L277) ; inhalation (L277) ; dermal (L277)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 症状
吸入高浓度的铜可以导致鼻和喉咙的刺激。摄入高浓度的铜可以引起恶心、呕吐、腹泻、头痛、眩晕和呼吸困难。
Breathing high levels of copper can cause irritation of the nose and throat. Ingesting high levels of copper can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and respiratory difficulty. (L278, L279)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
吸收、分配和排泄
离子铜从胃、十二指肠和空肠吸收。最初的吸收率约为30%,但由于铜排入胆汁,有效净吸收率仅为约5%;胆汁中的铜与蛋白质结合,这种复合物不被重吸收。吸收受多种因素影响,包括铜的化学形式:氧化物、氢氧化物、碘化物、谷氨酸盐、柠檬酸盐和焦磷酸盐的铜易于吸收,但硫化铜和其他水不溶性盐吸收不良。一些氨基酸的铜复合物容易吸收,而肉类中存在的铜卟啉吸收非常差。/可溶性铜盐/
Ionic copper is absorbed from the stomach, duodenum, & jejunum. The initial absorption is about 30%, but the effective net absorption is only about 5% due to excretion of copper into the bile; biliary copper is bound to protein, & this complex is not reabsorbed. Absorption is influenced by a number of factors including the chemical forms of copper: oxides, hydroxides, iodides, glutamates, citrates, & pyrophosphates of copper are readily absorbed, but copper sulfides & other water insoluble salts are poorly absorbed. Copper complexes of some amino acids are easily absorbed, whereas copper porphyrins present in meat are very poorly absorbed. /Soluble copper salts/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险等级:
    9
  • 危险品标志:
    Xi
  • 安全说明:
    S22,S24/25,S26,S61
  • 危险类别码:
    R36/37/38
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • 海关编码:
    2827600000
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 3077 9/PG 3
  • 危险类别:
    6.1
  • 包装等级:
    III
  • 危险标志:
    GHS05,GHS07,GHS09
  • 危险性描述:
    H302,H315,H317,H318,H335,H410
  • 危险性防范说明:
    P280,P301 + P312 + P330,P305 + P351 + P338 + P310

SDS

SDS:ca20082f660aa0252bf8eb5d0faaad3a
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制备方法与用途

卤化亚铜

卤化亚铜主要包括碘化亚铜(CuI)、氯化亚铜和溴化亚铜,它们均为白色固体。其中,碘化亚铜的感光性较差,在强光作用下会分解析出碘,并自然存在于碘铜矿中。

  • 制备方法:氯化亚铜与溴化亚铜可通过酸性溶液中的二价铜盐和金属铜反应获得;而碘化亚铜则可以通过加入碘化钾溶液至Cu2+中来制备。
  • 有机合成应用:卤化亚铜,尤其是碘化亚铜,在格氏试剂的参与下可生成烃基亚铜,并在多种有机反应中用作催化剂。例如,甲基锂与碘化亚铜可在低温度下反应生成甲基铜;而卤化亚铜也用于Wiff重排反应。
  • 物理性质:碘化亚铜是一种白色立方晶体或灰白色粉末,具有毒性。其相对密度为5.62,熔点为605℃,沸点高达1290℃。对光和空气稳定,在水中几乎不溶。
应用 半导体材料

碘化亚铜(CuI)作为一种宽禁带直接型p型半导体材料,在可见光范围内具有很高的透过率,并且在制备过程中无毒无污染,因此适用于半导体光电器件领域。

检测汞试验
  • 原理:汞与碘化亚铜作用生成红色络合物,本法可检测出3μg汞。反应方程式为2Cu₂I₂ + Hg → HgCu₂I₄ + 2Cu。
  • 试剂配制:需制备碘化亚铜棉花作为试剂。
  • 操作步骤
    • 在试管底部加热含有汞的样品,若存在汞,则棉花会变红;也可将检材的消化液滴在碘化亚铜棉花上进行检测。
用途 化学应用
  1. 碘化亚铜可用作有机合成催化剂、树脂改性剂、人工降雨剂及加碘盐中的碘来源。
  2. 在二恶烷溶剂中,碘化亚铜可催化多种卤代烃偶联反应(如Heck反应、Stille反应、Suzuki反应和Ullmann反应)。
  3. 用于有机合成催化剂、阳极射线管覆盖物,还可用作动物饲料添加剂。
分析试剂
  • 营养强化剂(碘源)
  • 作为分析试剂
技术与材料应用
  • 电子材料
  • 温度指示器(与碘化汞一同使用)
安全性

根据FDA规定,碘化亚铜被认定为GRAS(一般认为安全),使用限量为0.01%。

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    碘化亚铜 以9%的产率得到
    参考文献:
    名称:
    GIBBS, RICHARD A.;BARTELS, KARIN;LEE, ROBERT W. K.;OKAMURA, WILLIAM H., J. AMER. CHEM. SOC., 111,(1989) N0, C. 3717-3725
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    CHAUDHURI, T. K.;BASU, P. K.;PATRA, A. B.;SARASWAT, R. S.;ACHARYA, H. N., JAP. J. APPL. PHYS. PT 2, 29,(1990) N, C. L352-L354
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    ethyl 2,3,4-trifluoro-5-iodobenzoate 、 氟磺酰基二氟乙酸甲酯碘化亚铜 作用下, 以 N-甲基乙酰胺 为溶剂, 生成 ethyl 2,3,4-trifluoro-5-trifluoromethylbenzoate
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Trifluoro-substituted benzoic acid, esters thereof, and process for
    摘要:
    本发明提供了一种三氟代苯甲酸及其酯,特别是2,3,4-三氟-5-碘代苯甲酸,2,3,4-三氟-5-三氟甲基苯甲酸,以及这些化合物的酯,这些化合物可作为合成喹诺酮羧酸化合物的起始物质,该化合物可用作药物、抗菌剂或抗病毒剂,以及制备这些化合物和2,4,5-三氟-3-碘代苯甲酸,2,4,5-三氟-3-三氟甲基苯甲酸及其酯的方法。
    公开号:
    US06160171A1
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文献信息

  • Substituted quinolinecarboxamides as antiviral agents
    申请人:——
    公开号:US20020165253A1
    公开(公告)日:2002-11-07
    The present invention discloses disubstiuted 4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-3-quinolinecarboxamide derivatives. The compounds are useful as antiviral agents, in particular, as agents against viruses of the herpes family.
    本发明公开了二取代的4-氧代-1,4-二氢-3-喹啉羧酰胺衍生物。这些化合物可用作抗病毒剂,特别是用于抗击疱疹病毒家族的药剂。
  • Triazolone derivatives, use thereof, and intermediates therefor
    申请人:Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited
    公开号:US06489487B1
    公开(公告)日:2002-12-03
    Triazolone derivatives represented by the formula wherein R1 represents optionally substituted C1-10 alkyl, A1—L1—, A1—ON═CA2, etc.; R2 represents hydrogen, C1-6 alkyl, etc.; R3 represents C1-6 alkoxy, etc.; one of T, U, and V represents CR4, another represents CH or nitrogen, and the remaining one represents CR5 or nitrogen; and W represents CR6 or nitrogen.
    Triazolone衍生物的化学式如下: 其中R1代表可选择取代的C1-10烷基,A1—L1—,A1—ON═CA2等;R2代表氢,C1-6烷基等;R3代表C1-6烷氧基等;T、U和V中的一个代表CR4,另一个代表CH或氮,剩下的一个代表CR5或氮;W代表CR6或氮。
  • 6-O-carbamate-11,12-lacto-ketolide antimicrobials
    申请人:——
    公开号:US20030125267A1
    公开(公告)日:2003-07-03
    6-O-Carbamate-11,12-lacto-ketolide antimicrobials of the formula: 1 wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 R 7 , and R 8 are as described herein and in which the substituents have the meaning indicated in the description. These compounds are useful as antibacterial agents.
    其中R1、R2、R3、R7和R8如本文所述,并且取代基具有描述中指示的含义。这些化合物可用作抗菌剂。
  • Chromene-3-carboxylate derivatives
    申请人:Shionogi & Co., Ltd.
    公开号:US06218427B1
    公开(公告)日:2001-04-17
    The present invention provides a compound of the formula (I): wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, hydroxy, optionally substituted alkoxy or the like, R5 is optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclic or the like, R6 is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl or the like, R7 is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocyclic or the like, A is S or O and a broken line represents presence or absence of a bond, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or hydrate thereof and a pharmaceutical composition or a pharmaceutical composition for use as an endothelin receptor antagonist, a peripheral circulation insufficiency-improving agent or a macrophage foam cell formation inhibitor comprising the compound.
    本发明提供了一种化合物,其化学式为(I): 其中R1、R2、R3和R4分别独立地为氢、可选择取代的烷基、羟基、可选择取代的烷氧基或类似物,R5为可选择取代的烷基、可选择取代的芳基、可选择取代的杂环基或类似物,R6为氢、可选择取代的烷基或类似物,R7为氢、可选择取代的烷基、可选择取代的烷氧基、可选择取代的芳基、可选择取代的杂环基或类似物,A为S或O,虚线表示键的存在或缺失,以及其药学上可接受的盐或水合物,以及包含该化合物的用作内皮素受体拮抗剂、外周循环不足改善剂或巨噬细胞泡沫细胞形成抑制剂的药物组合物或药物组合物。
  • Copper-catalyzed formation of carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bonds
    申请人:——
    公开号:US20030065187A1
    公开(公告)日:2003-04-03
    The present invention relates to copper-catalyzed carbon-heteroatom and carbon-carbon bond-forming methods. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of an amide or amine moiety and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In additional embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between a nitrogen atom of an acyl hydrazine and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In other embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-nitrogen bond between the nitrogen atom of a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic, e.g., indole, pyrazole, and indazole, and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-oxygen bond between the oxygen atom of an alcohol and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. The present invention also relates to copper-catalyzed methods of forming a carbon-carbon bond between a reactant comprising a nucleophilic carbon atom, e.g., an enolate or malonate anion, and the activated carbon of an aryl, heteroaryl, or vinyl halide or sulfonate. Importantly, all the methods of the present invention are relatively inexpensive to practice due to the low cost of the copper comprised by the catalysts.
    本发明涉及铜催化的碳-杂原子和碳-碳键形成方法。在某些实施例中,本发明涉及铜催化的方法,用于在酰胺或胺基团的氮原子与芳基、杂原基或乙烯卤代物或磺酸酯的活化碳之间形成碳-氮键。在其他实施例中,本发明涉及铜催化的方法,用于在酰基肼的氮原子与芳基、杂原基或乙烯卤代物或磺酸酯的活化碳之间形成碳-氮键。在另一些实施例中,本发明涉及铜催化的方法,用于在含氮杂环芳烃(例如吲哚、吡唑和吲哌)的氮原子与芳基、杂原基或乙烯卤代物或磺酸酯的活化碳之间形成碳-氮键。在某些实施例中,本发明涉及铜催化的方法,用于在醇的氧原子与芳基、杂原基或乙烯卤代物或磺酸酯的活化碳之间形成碳-氧键。本发明还涉及铜催化的方法,用于在包含亲核碳原子的反应物(例如烯醇酸盐或丙二酸盐负离子)与芳基、杂原基或乙烯卤代物或磺酸酯的活化碳之间形成碳-碳键。重要的是,由于催化剂中铜的低成本,本发明的所有方法都相对廉价。
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
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ir
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  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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