Metam sodium (compounds, weed, killing, liquid) appears as a yellow to light yellow-green solution with an odor of amine and sulfur that varies in intensity.
颜色/状态：
White crystals
熔点：
Decomposes without melting
蒸汽压力：
Non-volatile
稳定性/保质期：
Stable with only slight decomp on storage for several yr in glass containers as 32.7% solution in alkaline water; pure solid decomposes in several weeks.
分解：
When heated to decomposition, it emits very toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and disodium oxide/...
腐蚀性：
THE AQUEOUS SOLUTION IS CORROSIVE TO BRASS, COPPER AND ZINC
计算性质
辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
-2.96
重原子数：
6
可旋转键数：
0
环数：
0.0
sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
0.5
拓扑面积：
45.1
氢给体数：
1
氢受体数：
2
ADMET
代谢
二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸，是戒酒硫的主要代谢物，当与14(C)-亚硝基乙氧甲基硫甲基胺或14(C)-甲基亚硝脲在不同介质（细菌、酯酶、大鼠肝脏9000 x g上清液和微粒体）中孵化时，会形成甲基二硫代氨基甲酸盐...
Diethyldithiocarbamic acid, the main metabolite of disulfiram, forms methyldithiocarbamate when incubated with 14(C)-nitrosoacetoxymethylmethylamine or 14(C)-methylnitrosourea in different media (bacteria, esterases, rat liver 9000 x g supernatant fraction and microsomes). ...
Pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies in rats for ... metam sodium ... /were/ tested at two dose levels ... Three different cmpd (MITC, CO2, COS/CS2 ) were found to be excreted via the lungs. Total excretion of the 3 products of the lungs over a 73 hr collection period were about 35% and 50% ... at low and high doses, respectively.
At higher doses levels of metam sodium, the neurotoxic effects from the in vivo production of CS2 begin to manifest. Specifically, incidence of meningocele has been noted following oral administration ... Following soil application of metam sodium, both CS2 and H2S can be formed; the relative amt depend on the pH of the soil. Following oral exposure to metam sodium, rats metabolize approximately 20 to 25% of the dose (on a molar basis) to CS2. CS2 is a neurotoxic agent known to cause a variety of effects such as neuropathology and changes in sensory conduction velocity and peroneal motor conduction velocity. Exposure to H2S at low levels in humans can result in eye injury, headaches, nausea, and insomnia.
... Neither metam sodium, MITC, nor any related thioureas or methylated ureas were detected in the extractable radioactivity or the post-extraction solids. The observed radioactivity was shown to be distributed over a variety of natural products indicating complete incorporation of metam sodium into the carbon pool ... Based upon the results of the metabolism studies, residues of metam sodium and MITC are not expected to occur in plants. MITC's volatility in the environment, phytotoxity to crops, and metabolism in plants assure that there is no reasonable expectation of finite residues to be incurred in/on any raw agricultural commodity when these products are applied according to label directions.
Metam sodium technical (purity not stated, conc. = 512.8 g/L ... ) and (14)C-metam sodium ( ... radiochemical purity > 99%; specific activity = 64.52 uCi/mg), buffered at pH 8 (potassium phosphate), were dermally admin to female Crl:CD(SD)BR rats (5 for pretests/2 for the definitive study) at 10 mg/rat (20 uCi/rat) ... MITC (0.7%) and carbon dioxide (1.9%) were the only radioactive components detected in the expired air traps. MITC was detected at a maximum between 10 to 24 hr (after removal of /residual metam sodium/ ... )
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
癌症分类：B2组可能的人类致癌物
Cancer Classification: Group B2 Probable Human Carcinogen
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
副作用
职业性肝毒素 - 第二性肝毒素：在职业环境中的毒性效应潜力是基于人类摄入或动物实验的中毒案例。
Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
毒理性
毒性数据
大鼠LC50 = 2,270毫克/立方米
LC50 (rat) = 2,270 mg/m3
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
The drug acts by interfering with alcohol metabolism so that the ingestion of alcohol is followed by distressing & occasionally dangerous symptoms. ... The disulfiram-alcohol reaction ... is not a simple intensification of alcoholic intoxication, although this may play a role. ... The acute drug-alcohol reaction ... is usually considered unpleasant, at times alarmingly so. It consists of flushing, headache, vasodilation, tachycardia, hypotension (after a transient rise in systolic pressure), nausea, restlessness, confusion & many other signs & symptoms. ... The disulfiram-alcohol reaction appears at the same time as excessive concentrations of acetaldehyde in the blood. The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase generates acetaldehyde from ethanol. Acetaldehyde accumulates presumably because disulfiram inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, the enzyme which normally oxidizes this intermediary product of alcohol metabolism to "active" acetate. ... Disulfiram is a potent inhibitor of dopamine beta-oxidase. This enzyme requires copper, which disulfiram apparently removes by chelation. Dopamine beta-oxidase is an essential enzyme in the norepinephrine biosynthetic pathway. ... Disulfiram /exposure/ leads to the depletion of norepinephrine at adrenergic nerve terminals. ... With the sympathomimetic effects of acetaldehyde blocked by disulfiram depletion of the adrenergic transmitter, the direct vasodilator effect of acetaldehyde is unmasked. The latter is presumably responsible for the fall in blood pressure in the disulfiram-alcohol reaction. /Disulfiram/
The effects of dithiocarbamates on the tissue distribution and excretion of lead were examined in rats, with special emphasis on the central nervous system. /One of the compounds tested was/ sodium monomethyldithiocarbamate (metham). Male Sprague-Dawley rats received radioactively labeled lead acetate injected into a tail vein. The dithiocarbamates or thiurams were administered by gastric intubation. One dose was given 2 hr before lead, and another immediately after. The uptake of lead by the brain was increased by ... metham. /It was concluded that/ combined exposure to lead and dithiocarbamates should be avoided.
Pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies in rats for ... metam sodium ... /were/ tested at two /oral/ dose levels. It was ... excreted mainly in urine with urinary recoveries over 168 hr of ... 37 to 58% ... Excretion via the feces was low --usually ranging from 1.5% to 3.3%. Three different cmpd (MITC, CO2, COS/CS2 ) were found to be excreted via the lungs. Total excretion of the 3 products of the lungs over a 73 hr collection period were about 35% and 50% ... at low and high doses, respectively. There were no differences between males and females in amt excreted via the three excretion routes. Tissue retention at 168 hr was about 2% ... at both dose levels. Total recoveries, incl the % of the doses excreted and that remaining in the tissues combined after 168 hr, ranged from 92.6% to 106%, indicating virtually complete absorption from the GI tract. By the first 24 hr, 85% or more ... at both dose levels had been excreted. /Metam sodium was/ rapidly absorbed from the GI tract with plasma t-max between 0.25 and 1.0 hr. However, plasma half-lives after 24 hr were long, ranging from around 60 to 74 hr ... Tissue and plasma levels at all time periods, and plasma AUCs were consistently higher in females than in males by a substantial amt. The tissue with the highest uptake ... was the thyroid gland. High uptake were also seen by the liver, kidneys, and lung, with the lowest level in testes, brain and eyes.
(14)-Metam sodium was applied to male rats in aq formulations at the nominal dose levels of 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/rat to an area of 11.6 sq cm on the back ... The application site was protected by a glass saddle which contained an activated charcoal filter to adsorb any volatile radioactivity which evaporated from the skin surface. Within each group, 4 animals were killed following a 1, 2, 10, and 24 hr exposure and excreta collected over the study period. For 4 additional animals in each treatment group, the treatment area was washed 10 hr after admin and excretion monitored over a total of 72 hr. Mean % absorbed dose at 10 hr was 2.5% (2.355%, 3.683%, 1.514%, respectively).
Metam sodium technical (purity not stated, conc. = 512.8 g/L ... ) and (14)C-metam sodium ( ... radiochemical purity > 99%; specific activity = 64.52 uCi/mg), buffered at pH 8 (potassium phosphate), were dermally admin to female Crl:CD(SD)BR rats (5 for pretests/2 for the definitive study) at 10 mg/rat (20 uCi/rat). A "saddle" apparatus (consisting of glass) was attached to the backs of an area clipped free of hair ... Males were excluded, as their coarse body hair might have prevented adhesion of the saddle to the skin ... Activated charcoal was suspended between 2 sinters in the saddle and covered with gauze ... At 10 hr post application, the gauzes and the top sinters were removed, the charcoal was collected and the lower sinters removed /and/ ... the treated area of skin and the inside of the saddle were /cleaned/ ... Urine (0 to 4, 4 to 10, 10 to 24, 24 to 48 and 48 to 72 hr), feces (same as urine) and expired air were collected over 72 hr. Volatiles were collected in 4 expired air traps in series: 1) trap for methyl isothiocyanate, 2) carbon dioxide, 3) carbon disulphide, 4) any volatiles which may pass through the first 3 traps (air trap collection times for traps 1, 2 & 3 = same as urine; trap 4 = 0 to 72 hr). At termination, urine, feces, cage washings, cage debris, expired air traps, charcoal adsorbant, back and gauze washings (including elastic bands and sinters) were assessed for radioactivity. Rat blood was also sampled, as was residual carcass. RESULTS: Stability of metam sodium was virtually 100% of radioactivity at 24 hr. The saddle provided a non-occluded, enclosed application site with an adsorbant suspended above it. Saddles remained firmly attached for 12 to 72 hr. No pharmacological or toxicological signs were observed in test animals that were metam sodium induced. After a single dermal application of (14)C-metam sodium to 2 animals, a mean of 85% of radioactivity was recovered within 72 hr, primarily in charcoal adsorbant wash (38%), application site washings (38%) and urine (4.1%) ... MITC (0.7%) and carbon dioxide (1.9%) were the only radioactive components detected in the expired air traps. MITC was detected at a maximum between 10 to 24 hr (after removal of saddle packing). Radioactivity in feces, carcasses, cage washings, air trap 4 washings and the trap for carbon disulphide were low or below the limit of detection throughout the study. The report concluded that metam sodium was not readily absorbed during 10 hr of exposure, since < 8.2% of the applied radioactivity was recovered in urine, feces, expired air traps, cage wash and carcass ...
The biokinetics and metabolism of metam sodium was studied in rats following oral admin of nominal doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg. After a single oral dose of (14)C-metam sodium at 10 mg/kg, means of 52 and 58% dose were excreted in the urine of male and female rats during 0 to 168 hr. A total of 38% was found in the expired air of male rats during 0 to 72 hr of which 0.45% was in trap 1 (containing 2-ethoxyethanol), 19.5% dose was in trap 2 (containing sodium hydroxide soln) and 18.3% dose in trap 3 (containing Viles reagent). In female rats a total of 33.2% was found in the expired air during 0 to 72 hr of which 1.3, 18.1 and 13.8% were found in traps 1, 2, 3. Fecal excretion accounted for 4.5 and 2.9% dose in male and female rats during 0 to 168 hr. After a single oral dose of (14)C-metam sodium at 100 mg/kg, means of 37 and 42% dose were excreted in the urine of male and female rats, respectively, during 0 to 168 hr. A mean of 50% dose was excreted in the expired air of all rats of which 24.3, 6.4 and 19.5% dose were found in traps 1, 2, 3, respectively. Fecal excretion accounted for 1.9 and 1.6% dose in male and female rats. The concn of radioactivity in the tissues of rats sacrificed 168 hr after a single oral dose of (14)C-metam sodium at both doses showed that the highest levels were in the thyroids, adrenals and tissues responsible for excretion and metabolism (liver, kidneys, lungs). After a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg (14)C-metam sodium, peak mean plasma concn of radioactivity occurred at 1 hr for males and females. Within the first 48 hr mean plasma radioactivity declined with a half-live of approx 24 hr. From 72 hr to 240 hr mean concn of plasma radioactivity declined with a half-life of 60.8 hr for males and 74.1 hr for females. After a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg (14)C-metam sodium the peak mean plasma concn of radioactivity occurred at 1 to 2 hr for males and 0.25 to 1 hr for females. Mean concn of plasma radioactivity declined with a half-life of approx 24 hr (males and females) within the first 48 hr after treatment and 62 hr for males and 64 hr for females within 72 to 240 hr after treatment. Using thin-layer chromatography 2 metabolites were detected in the urine. The major metabolite, identified as N-acetyl-S-(N-methylthiocarbamoyl)-L-cycteine, represented 16 to 25% of the dose. The second metabolite, accounting for ca 5 to 10% of the admin dose, could not be exactly characterized but there is evidence that it is a similar type of conjugate as the major metabolite.
SECTION 1: Identification of the substance/mixture and of the company/undertaking Product identifiers Product name : METAM SODIUM,250MG,NEAT REACH No. : A registration number is not available for this substance as the substance or its uses are exempted from registration, the annual tonnage does not require a registration or the registration is envisaged for a later registration deadline. CAS-No. : 137-42-8 Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Identified uses : Laboratory chemicals, Manufacture of substances SECTION 2: Hazards identification Classification of the substance or mixture Classification according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Acute toxicity, Oral (Category 4), H302 Skin corrosion (Category 1B), H314 Skin sensitisation (Category 1), H317 Acute aquatic toxicity (Category 1), H400 Chronic aquatic toxicity (Category 1), H410 For the full text of the H-Statements mentioned in this Section, see Section 16. Classification according to EU Directives 67/548/EEC or 1999/45/EC C Corrosive R34 Xn Harmful R22 R31 R43 N Dangerous for the R50/53 environment For the full text of the R-phrases mentioned in this Section, see Section 16. Label elements Labelling according Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Pictogram Signal word Danger Hazard statement(s) H302 Harmful if swallowed. H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction. H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. Precautionary statement(s) P273 Avoid release to the environment. P280 Wear protective gloves/ protective clothing/ eye protection/ face protection. P305 + P351 + P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/ physician. P501 Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant. Supplemental Hazard information (EU) EUH031 Contact with acids liberates toxic gas. Other hazards - none SECTION 3: Composition/information on ingredients Substances Formula : C2H5NS2.Na Molecular Weight : 129,18 g/mol CAS-No. : 137-42-8 EC-No. : 205-293-0 Index-No. : 006-013-00-8 Hazardous ingredients according to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 Component Classification Concentration Metam-sodium CAS-No. 137-42-8 Acute Tox. 4; Skin Corr. 1B; <= 100 % EC-No. 205-293-0 Skin Sens. 1; Aquatic Acute 1; Index-No. 006-013-00-8 Aquatic Chronic 1; H314, H302, H317, H410, EUH031 Hazardous ingredients according to Directive 1999/45/EC Component Classification Concentration Metam-sodium CAS-No. 137-42-8 C, N, R22 - R31 - R34 - R43 - <= 100 % EC-No. 205-293-0 R50/53 Index-No. 006-013-00-8 For the full text of the H-Statements and R-Phrases mentioned in this Section, see Section 16 SECTION 4: First aid measures Description of first aid measures General advice Consult a physician. Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance. If inhaled If breathed in, move person into fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. Consult a physician. In case of skin contact Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately. Wash off with soap and plenty of water. Take victim immediately to hospital. Consult a physician. In case of eye contact Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician. If swallowed Do NOT induce vomiting. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water. Consult a physician. Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed The most important known symptoms and effects are described in the labelling (see section 2.2) and/or in section 11 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed no data available SECTION 5: Firefighting measures Extinguishing media Suitable extinguishing media Dry powder Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture Carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides (NOx), Sulphur oxides, Sodium oxides Advice for firefighters Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary. Further information no data available SECTION 6: Accidental release measures Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures Wear respiratory protection. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Avoid breathing dust. For personal protection see section 8. Environmental precautions Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Do not flush with water. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal. Reference to other sections For disposal see section 13. SECTION 7: Handling and storage Precautions for safe handling Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed. For precautions see section 2.2. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities Store in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Never allow product to get in contact with water during storage. Do not store near acids. Specific end use(s) Apart from the uses mentioned in section 1.2 no other specific uses are stipulated SECTION 8: Exposure controls/personal protection Control parameters Components with workplace control parameters Exposure controls Appropriate engineering controls Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product. Personal protective equipment Eye/face protection Face shield and safety glasses Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU). Skin protection Handle with gloves. Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands. The selected protective gloves have to satisfy the specifications of EU Directive 89/686/EEC and the standard EN 374 derived from it. Body Protection Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace. Respiratory protection Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a full-face particle respirator type N100 (US) or type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU). Control of environmental exposure Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided. SECTION 9: Physical and chemical properties Information on basic physical and chemical properties a) Appearance Form: crystalline Colour: white b) Odour no data available c) Odour Threshold no data available d) pH no data available e) Melting point/freezing no data available point f) Initial boiling point and no data available boiling range g) Flash point no data available h) Evapouration rate no data available i) Flammability (solid, gas) no data available j) Upper/lower no data available flammability or explosive limits k) Vapour pressure no data available l) Vapour density no data available m) Relative density no data available n) Water solubility soluble o) Partition coefficient: n- no data available octanol/water p) Auto-ignition no data available temperature q) Decomposition no data available temperature r) Viscosity no data available s) Explosive properties no data available t) Oxidizing properties no data available Other safety information no data available SECTION 10: Stability and reactivity Reactivity no data available Chemical stability Stable under recommended storage conditions. Possibility of hazardous reactions no data available Conditions to avoid no data available Incompatible materials acids Hazardous decomposition products Other decomposition products - no data available In the event of fire: see section 5 SECTION 11: Toxicological information Information on toxicological effects Acute toxicity LD50 Oral - rat - 450 mg/kg LD50 Dermal - rabbit - 800 mg/kg Skin corrosion/irritation no data available Serious eye damage/eye irritation no data available Respiratory or skin sensitisation Germ cell mutagenicity no data available Carcinogenicity IARC: No component of this product present at levels greater than or equal to 0.1% is identified as probable, possible or confirmed human carcinogen by IARC. Reproductive toxicity Reproductive toxicity - rat - Oral Effects on Fertility: Post-implantation mortality (e.g., dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants). Effects on Embryo or Fetus: Fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus). Effects on Embryo or Fetus: Fetal death. Developmental Toxicity - rat - Oral Effects on Embryo or Fetus: Other effects to embryo. Specific target organ toxicity - single exposure no data available Specific target organ toxicity - repeated exposure no data available Aspiration hazard no data available Additional Information RTECS: Not available SECTION 12: Ecological information Toxicity Toxicity to daphnia and LC50 - Daphnia magna (Water flea) - 0,33 mg/l - 26 h other aquatic invertebrates Persistence and degradability no data available Bioaccumulative potential no data available Mobility in soil no data available Results of PBT and vPvB assessment PBT/vPvB assessment not available as chemical safety assessment not required/not conducted Other adverse effects Very toxic to aquatic life. SECTION 13: Disposal considerations Waste treatment methods Product Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. Contaminated packaging Dispose of as unused product. SECTION 14: Transport information UN number ADR/RID: 2811 IMDG: 2811 IATA: 2811 UN proper shipping name ADR/RID: TOXIC SOLID, ORGANIC, N.O.S. (Metam-sodium) IMDG: TOXIC SOLID, ORGANIC, N.O.S. (Metam-sodium) IATA: Toxic solid, organic, n.o.s. (Metam-sodium) Transport hazard class(es) ADR/RID: 6.1 IMDG: 6.1 IATA: 6.1 Packaging group ADR/RID: III IMDG: III IATA: III Environmental hazards ADR/RID: yes IMDG Marine pollutant: yes IATA: no Special precautions for user no data available SECTION 15: Regulatory information This safety datasheet complies with the requirements of Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006. Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture no data available Chemical Safety Assessment For this product a chemical safety assessment was not carried out SECTION 16: Other information Full text of H-Statements referred to under sections 2 and 3. Acute Tox. Acute toxicity Aquatic Acute Acute aquatic toxicity Aquatic Chronic Chronic aquatic toxicity EUH031 Contact with acids liberates toxic gas. H302 Harmful if swallowed. H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction. H400 Very toxic to aquatic life. H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. Full text of R-phrases referred to under sections 2 and 3 C Corrosive N Dangerous for the environment R22 Harmful if swallowed. R31 Contact with acids liberates toxic gas. R34 Causes burns. R43 May cause sensitisation by skin contact. R50/53 Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. Further information Copyright 2014 Co. LLC. License granted to make un
Transformation of Chloropicrin and 1,3-Dichloropropene by Metam Sodium in a Combined Application of Fumigants
摘要：
Combined application of fumigants is a potential strategy to replace methyl bromide in the control of soil-borne pests. Unfortunately, abiotic and biotic interactions among fumigants restrict some combined application approaches. In this study, the kinetics and mechanisms of reaction between metam sodium (sodium methyidithiocarbamate) and the halogenated fumigants chloropicrin (trichloronitromethane) and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) were investigated in aqueous solution. For chloropicrin, an extremely rapid oxidation-reduction process occurred in the presence of metam sodium. The second-order rate constant for the reaction between chloropicrin and metam sodium was approximately 2 orders of magnitude greater than that for the reaction between 1,3-D isomers and metam sodium. Transformation of 1,3-D by metam sodium was associated with an aliphatic S(N)2 nucleophilic substitution process. The nucleophilic reaction of cis-1,3-D with metam sodium was significantly faster than that of the trans isomer and was correlated with a lower reaction activation energy for the cis isomer in the transition state. Combining Telone C-35 (65% 1,3-D and 35% chloropicrin) and metam sodium in solution might yield some nucleophilic sulfur species, which played an important role in the dissipation of 1,3-D. The incompatibility of chloropicrin and 1,3-D with metam sodium was also examined in soil under different application scenarios. Simultaneous application of metam sodium with chloropicrin or 1,3-D accelerated the transformation of the two halogenated fumigants, reducing their availability in soil. A sequential strategy for multiple fumigants was developed, which could be applied without the loss of active ingredient that occurs due to the reaction between fumigants. The proposed methodology may enhance pest control while maintaining environmental protection.
Cephalosporins, processes for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
申请人：BEECHAM GROUP PLC
公开号：EP0265185A3
公开（公告）日：1990-03-28
Antibacterial agents have the formula (Ia) or are pharmaceutically acceptable salts or invivo hydrolysable esters thereof:
wherein R¹ is an acyl group, in particular that of an antibacterially active cephalosporin; R² is hydrogen, methoxy, or formamido; Y is S, SO, SO₂, O or CH₂; X is oxygen, sulphur, or -NH- and R⁴ is a group of the formula CO Z R⁵ wherein Z is -CH=CH-, -(CH₂)n- or -NH-; n is 0, 1 or 2; and R⁵ is:
wherein R⁶ and R⁷ are the same or different, each representing hydroxy or protected hydroxy and R⁸ is hydroxy, amino, halogen or carboxy.The use of the compounds of formula (Ia) and intermediates for their preparation are also disclosed.
抗菌剂的化学式为（Ia），或者是其药用可接受的盐或体内水解酯：
其中R¹是酰基，特别是抗菌活性头孢菌素的酰基；R²是氢、甲氧基或甲酰胺基；Y是S、SO、SO₂、O或CH₂；X是氧、硫或-NH-，R⁴是化学式CO Z R⁵的基团，其中Z是-CH=CH-、-(CH₂)n-或-NH-；n为0、1或2；R⁵是：
其中R⁶和R⁷相同或不同，分别代表羟基或保护羟基，R⁸是羟基、氨基、卤素或羧基。该化合物的使用和其制备的中间体也被披露。
Carbonyl complexes of molybdenum and tungsten with sulfur donors
作者：A.E. Sánchez-Peláez、M.F. Perpiñán、A. Santos
DOI：10.1016/0022-328x(85)80367-3
日期：1985.12
The reactions of the zerovalent carbonyl complexes Mo(CO)6 and Mo(CO)4(bipy) with a series of uninegative bidentate (X,Y)-donor ligands (X,Y = xanthates, dithiocarbamates, o-aminophenoxide, o-aminothiophenoxide, 2-picolinate and thioacetate) lead to new anionic tetracarbonyl complex anions [Mo0(X,Y)(CO)4]−. These anions, which can be isolated as their tetraphenylphosphonium salts, contain the (X,Y)-ligand
A halogenoacetyl group is removed from a halogenoacetyl amino compound in a short period of reaction time by reacting the halogenoacetyl amino compound with an N-substituted dithiocarbamic acid or a salt thereof.
1-Sulfo-2-oxoazetidine derivatives and their production
申请人：Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.
公开号：US04550105A1
公开（公告）日：1985-10-29
Disclosed are compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is amino, an acylated amino or a protected amino group, X is hydrogen or methoxy, and R' is hydrogen, R or R.sup.4 wherein R is an organic residue attached to the azetidine ring through a carbon atom therein and R.sub.4 is azido, a halogen, an amino group which may optionally be acylated or a group of the formula --OR.sub.5, ##STR2## or --S--S--R.sub.5 wherein R.sub.5 is an organic residue and n is 0, 1 or 2, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. The compounds have antimicrobial and/or .beta.-lactamase-inhibitory activity and are of value as drugs for human beings and domesticated animals.
1-sulfo-2-oxoazetidine derivatives and their production
申请人：Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.
公开号：US04782147A1
公开（公告）日：1988-11-01
Disclosed are compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is amino, an acylated amino or a protected amino group, X is hydrogen or methoxy, and R' is hydrogen, R or R.sup.4 wherein R is an organic residue attached to the azetidine ring through a carbon atom therein and R.sub.4 is azido, a halogen, an amino group which may optionally be acylated or a group of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.5 is an organic residue and n is 0, 1 or 2, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and esters thereof. The compounds have antimicrobial and/or .beta.-lactamase-inhibitory activity and are of value as drugs for human beings and domesticated animals.
