氰化钾 | 151-50-8

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机盐 - 有机金属盐
• 中文名称: 氰化钾
• 中文别名: 2-巯基苯并噻唑；橡胶促进剂MBT(M)；2-巯基苯骈噻唑
• 英文名称: potassium cyanide
• CAS: 151-50-8
• 化学式: CKN
• 分子量: 65.116
• InChiKey: YUZRZFQHUCKACF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  634 °C
• 沸点：
  1.625 °C
• 密度：
  1.55
• 稳定性/保质期：
  1. 在空气中吸收水分和二氧化碳，逐渐分解并释放出有苦杏仁气味的氰化氢。在水中溶解后即水解。其水溶液在常温下分解较慢，但在高温、光照或氧化剂存在下会进一步氧化。赤热时，与二氧化碳反应生成一氧化碳及氰酸钾。与镁、铝等金属接触会形成氮化物。水溶液能溶解多种金属形成络合物。熔融物可腐蚀玻璃和石英。剧毒！ 2. 它能溶于2份冷水、1份沸水、100份乙醇或25份甲醇中。其水溶液呈碱性，并迅速分解。在空气中或吸湿后会逐渐分解，遇火不会燃烧。与酸接触会产生剧毒的氰化物气体。它与硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐和氯酸盐反应剧烈，有爆炸风险。 3. 具有极强毒性，吸入、吞食或皮肤接触均会导致死亡；暴露在空气中会引发恶心、眩晕、头痛和呼吸困难等症状。操作时务必小心，应在通风橱中进行。使用该试剂时避免与水接触，因其遇水分解生成HCN有毒气体。该试剂与氯酸盐、硝酸盐、三氯化氮和氨水混合可形成爆炸性混合物。 4. 稳定 5. 严禁混配的物质：强氧化剂、酸类 6. 避免接触的条件：潮湿空气 7. 聚合危害：不会聚合

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.28
• 重原子数：
  3
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  23.8
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  1

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  6.1
• 危险品标志：
  T+,N
• 安全说明：
  S28,S29,S45,S60,S61,S7
• 危险类别码：
  R26/27/28,R32,R50/53
• WGK Germany：
  3
• RTECS号：
  TS8750000
• 海关编码：
  2837191000
• 包装等级：
  I
• 危险类别：
  6.1
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 1680 6.1/PG 1

SDS

Name:	Potassium Cyanide, Reagent ACS (Crystals), 96+% (Titr.) Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym:	Cyanide of Potassium; Potassium Salt of Hydrocyanic Acid.
CAS:	151-50-8

Section 1 - Chemical Product MSDS Name: Potassium Cyanide, Reagent ACS (Crystals), 96+% (Titr.) Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonym: Cyanide of Potassium; Potassium Salt of Hydrocyanic Acid.

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SECTION 2 - COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

CAS#	Chemical Name	content	EINECS#
151-50-8	POTASSIUM CYANIDE	96%	205-792-3

Hazard Symbols: T+
Risk Phrases: 26/27/28 32

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SECTION 3 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION EMERGENCY OVERVIEW Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas. Potential Health Effects
Eye:
Contact with eyes may cause severe irritation, and possible eye burns.
Skin:
May be absorbed through the skin in harmful amounts. Contact with skin causes irritation and possible burns, especially if the skin is wet or moist. If absorbed, causes symptoms similar to those of ingestion. Skin absorption may cause unconsciousness. Absorption into the body may cause cyanosis (bluish discoloration of skin due to deficient oxygenation of the blood).
Ingestion:
May be fatal if swallowed. Causes gastrointestinal tract burns. May cause tissue anoxia, characterized by weakness, headache, dizziness, confusion, cyanosis (bluish skin due to deficient oxygenation of the blood), weak and irregular heart beat, collapse, unconsciousness, convulsions, coma and death. Contains cyanide. Human fatalities have been reported from acute poisoning. Large doses of cyanide may result in suddden loss of consciousness and prompt death; small doses will prolong the above symptoms 1 to 2 hours.
Inhalation:
Inhalation of high concentrations may cause central nervous system effects characterized by nausea, headache, dizziness, unconsciousness and coma. Causes respiratory tract irritation. May cause effects similar to those described for ingestion. Contains cyanide. Inhalation may result in symptoms similar to cyanide poisoning which include tachypnea, hyperpnea (abnormally rapid or deep breathing), and dyspnea (labored breathing) followed rapidly by respiratory depression. Pulmonary edema may occur.
Chronic:
Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis. Prolonged or repeated contact may cause skin necrosis and/or ulceration of the skin. Chronic exposure to cyanide solutions may lead to the development of a "cyanide" rash, characterized by itching, and by macular, papular, and vesicular eruptions, and may be accompanied by secondary infections.

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SECTION 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES
Eyes:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical aid immediately. Treat patient as for inhalation.
Skin:
Get medical aid immediately. Immediately flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Discard contaminated clothing in a manner which limits further exposure. SPEEDY ACTION IS CRITICAL! Treat patient as for inhalation.
Ingestion:
Get medical aid immediately. SPEED IS ESSENTIAL. A DOCTOR MUST BE NOTIFIED AT ONCE. Do not give anything by mouth. Treat patient as for inhalation.
Inhalation:
Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. Do NOT use mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep warm and at rest. Administer oxygen. If breathing has ceased apply artificial respiration using oxygen and a suitable mechanical device such as a bag and a mask. SPEED IS ESSENTIAL, OBTAIN MEDICAL AID IMMEDIATELY.
Notes to Physician:
Prompt action is essential in all cases of contact.
Antidote:
Always have a cyanide antidote kit on hand when working with cyanide compounds. Get medical advice to use.

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SECTION 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
General Information:
As in any fire, wear a self-contained breathing apparatus in pressure-demand, MSHA/NIOSH (approved or equivalent), and full protective gear. During a fire, irritating and highly toxic gases may be generated by thermal decomposition or combustion. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes.
Extinguishing Media:
Substance is noncombustible; use agent most appropriate to extinguish surrounding fire. Do NOT use carbon dioxide.

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SECTION 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
General Information: Use proper personal protective equipment as indicated in Section 8.
Spills/Leaks:
Vacuum or sweep up material and place into a suitable disposal container. Clean up spills immediately, observing precautions in the Protective Equipment section. Avoid generating dusty conditions. Decontaminate trace cyanide in the spill area with a strong sodium or calcium hypochlorite solution and flush waste to a holding area for potassium removal.

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SECTION 7 - HANDLING and STORAGE
Handling:
Wash thoroughly after handling. Use with adequate ventilation. Minimize dust generation and accumulation. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Do not ingest or inhale. Wash clothing before reuse.
Storage:
Store in a tightly closed container. Keep from contact with oxidizing materials. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Keep away from acids.

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SECTION 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION
Engineering Controls:
Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower. Use adequate general or local exhaust ventilation to keep airborne concentrations below the permissible exposure limits. Personal Protective Equipment
Eyes:
Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166.
Skin:
Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators:
A respiratory protection program that meets OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.134 and ANSI Z88.2 requirements or European Standard EN 149 must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant a respirator's use.

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SECTION 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Physical State: Solid
Appearance: white
Odor: almond-like
pH: 11 (0.1N)
Vapor Pressure: 0 mm Hg
Viscosity: Not available.
Boiling Point: Not available.
Freezing/Melting Point: 1173 deg F
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable.
Flash Point: Not applicable.
Explosion Limits, lower: Not available.
Explosion Limits, upper: Not available.
Decomposition Temperature: Not available.
Solubility in water: Soluble in water
Specific Gravity/Density: 1.52
Molecular Formula: KCN
Molecular Weight: 65.105

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SECTION 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Chemical Stability:
Stable.
Conditions to Avoid:
Incompatible materials, moisture, acids, excess heat.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials:
Violent reactions can occur with oxidizing agents such as nitric acid, nitrates, and peroxides. Contact with acids liberates extremely toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas. Hydrogen cyanide may form by a reaction with carbon dioxide and moisture when this material is in prolonged contact with air in a closed system.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Hydrogen cyanide, nitrogen oxides.
Hazardous Polymerization: Has not been reported.

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SECTION 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION RTECS#: CAS# 151-50-8: TS8750000
LD50/LC50:
CAS# 151-50-8: Oral, mouse: LD50 = 8500 ug/kg; Oral, rabbit: LD50 = 5 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD50 = 5 mg/kg.
Carcinogenicity:
POTASSIUM CYANIDE - Not listed by ACGIH, IARC, NIOSH, NTP, or OSHA.
Other:
See actual entry in RTECS for complete information.

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SECTION 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION Other For more information, see "HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND EXPOSURE DATA."

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SECTION 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS Dispose of in a manner consistent with federal, state, and local regulations.

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SECTION 14 - TRANSPORT INFORMATION IATA
Shipping Name: POTASSIUM CYANIDE
Hazard Class: 6.1
UN Number: 1680
Packing Group: I IMO
Shipping Name: POTASSIUM CYANIDE, SOLID
Hazard Class: 6.1
UN Number: 1680
Packing Group: I RID/ADR
Shipping Name: POTASSIUM CYANIDE
Dangerous Goods Code: 6.1(41A)
UN Number: 1680

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SECTION 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION European/International Regulations European Labeling in Accordance with EC Directives
Hazard Symbols: T+
Risk Phrases:
R 26/27/28 Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R 32 Contact with acids liberates very toxic gas.
Safety Phrases:
S 1/2 Keep locked up and out of reach of children. S 7 Keep container tightly closed. S 24/25 Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S 26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S 28B After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of water and soap. S 29 Do not empty into drains. S 45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible). WGK (Water Danger/Protection) CAS# 151-50-8: 3 United Kingdom Occupational Exposure Limits CAS# 151-50-8: OES-United Kingdom, TWA (listed as undefined ): as CN: 5 mg/m3 TWA; (does not include hydrogen cyanide, cyanogen or cyanogen chl Canada CAS# 151-50-8 is listed on Canada's DSL List. CAS# 151-50-8 is not listed on Canada's Ingredient Disclosure List. Exposure Limits CAS# 151-50-8: OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 5 mg/m3;Skin OEL-DENMARK:TWA 5 mg/m3;Skin OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 5 mg/m3;STEL 10 mg/m3;Skin OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGI TLV US FEDERAL TSCA CAS# 151-50-8 is listed on the TSCA inventory.

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SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
MSDS Creation Date: 9/02/1997 Revision #3 Date: 8/02/2000 The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to us. However, we make no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information, and we assume no liability resulting from its use. Users should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the information for their particular purposes. In no way shall the company be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party or for lost profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages, howsoever arising, even if the company has been advised of the possibility of such damages.

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SECTION 16 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
N/A

制备方法与用途

根据您提供的信息，KCN（氰化钾）的应用领域主要包括以下几个方面：

1. 金属提炼与电镀

• 从矿石中提取金和银：通过化学反应将贵金属溶解出来。
• 淬火、电镀：在金属加工过程中用于表面处理或增强材料性能。

2. 化学试剂与有机合成

• 分析试剂：广泛应用于实验室中的定性定量分析。
• 掩蔽剂、杀虫剂和照相定影剂：化学反应中用来掩盖其他组分，或者在某些工业过程中用于处理废料。
• 碳链延长反应：
  • 与醇、酯、卤化物或醛发生加成反应生成腈类化合物。
  • 在特定条件下通过氰化钾与卤代烃的反应可以生成具有更长碳链结构的有机分子。

3. 其他应用

• 生产丙烯腈和有机玻璃：在化工行业中有广泛的应用。
• 蚀刻及石印工艺：用于精细加工领域。
• 柠檬除霉剂制造：农业、食品工业等领域中的消毒与防腐处理。

科学研究中的重要性

作为实验室中不可或缺的工具，KCN常被用来探索复杂的有机合成反应机制，并且是许多科学研究的基础。例如，在催化剂的研究中，它能够帮助形成碳-碳键或酰胺键等复杂结构；此外，在某些特定条件下还可以用于氘代反应。

安全与环保

尽管KCN具有广泛的应用价值，但其毒性以及对环境的影响也不容忽视。因此，在使用过程中必须严格遵守安全规范和法律法规要求，采取必要的防护措施来减少潜在风险。

综上所述，氰化钾不仅因其独特的化学性质而在多个行业中发挥重要作用，同时也是一种需要谨慎处理的化学品。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  氰化钾 在 水 、 cobalt(II) chloride 作用下， 生成 氰化钴
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Bigelow, Inorganic Syntheses, 1946, vol. 2, p. 226

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  氢氰酸 在 氢氧化钾 、 乙醇 作用下， 生成 氰化钾
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Wiggers, Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, vol. 29, p. 65

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  2-(4-amino-3-methyl-phenylamino)-2-methyl-propan-1-ol 在 盐酸 、 sodium nitrite 、 氰化亚铜 、 氰化钾 作用下， 以 水 为溶剂， 反应 0.83h， 以21%的产率得到4-(2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethyl-ethylamino)-2-methyl-benzonitrile
  参考文献：
  名称：

  [EN] ANDROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS
  [FR] MODULATEURS DU RECEPTEUR ANDROGENE

  摘要：

  由于雄激素受体活性紊乱引起的疾病的治疗使用化合物的公式(I)：（如本文所定义），用于治疗由雄激素受体活性紊乱引起的疾病：公式(I)。还提供了公式(I)的分离化合物。

  公开号：

  WO2005042464A1

文献信息

• Heterocycles as masked diamide/dipeptide equivalents. Formation and reactions of substituted 5-(acylamino)oxazoles as intermediates en route to the cyclopeptide alkaloids
  作者：Bruce H. Lipshutz、Randall W. Hungate、Keith E. McCarthy

  DOI：10.1021/ja00364a041

  日期：1983.12

  Etude de la synthese de dialkyl-2,4 acylamino-5 oxazoles par cyclisation a partir d'α-cyanoalkylamides d'acides, de N-acetyl α-aminoamides ou de dipeptides. Fonctionnalisation des oxazoles obtenus

  从二烷基-2,4 酰基氨基-5 恶唑环化到部分 d'α-氰基烷基酰胺 d'酸、去 N-乙酰 α-氨基酰胺或二肽合成练习曲。钝性恶唑功能化
• Stability against enzymatic hydrolysis of endomorphin-1 analogues containing β-proline
  作者：Giuliana Cardillo、Luca Gentilucci、Alessandra Tolomelli、Maria Calienni、Ahmed R. Qasem、Santi Spampinato

  DOI：10.1039/b301507f

  日期：2003.4.23

  The enantiomer of endomorphin-1 (Tyr-Pro-Trp-PheNH2) and the analogues containing (S)- or (R)-β-proline have been synthesized, and their affinities towards μ-opioid receptors have been measured. As expected, the incubations of the different peptides with some commercially available enzymes showed that the presence of D-residues gave strong resistance towards digestion. The presence of β-proline alone is sufficient to confer good resistance against the hydrolysis of the biologically strategic Pro–Trp bond.

  内啡肽-1（Tyr-Pro-Trp-PheNH2）的对映体及其含（S）-或（R）-β-脯氨酸的类似物已被合成，并测定了它们对μ-阿片受体的亲和力。如预期所料，不同肽与一些商业可用酶的共育显示，D-残基的存在赋予了较强的抵抗消化能力。β-脯氨酸单独的存在就足以赋予生物学上关键的Pro-Trp键良好的抵抗水解能力。
• [EN] ENANTIOMERICALLY ENRICHED IMIDAZOAZEPINONE COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS D'IMIDAZOAZÉPINONE ÉNANTIOMÉRIQUEMENT ENRICHIS
  申请人：EISAI R&D MAN CO LTD

  公开号：WO2009064274A1

  公开（公告）日：2009-05-22

  The present invention provides an enantiomerically pure compound of Formula (I) along with pharmaceutical formulations containing the same and methods of use thereof.

  本发明提供了一种光学纯度的化合物(I)以及含有该化合物的药物配方和使用方法。
• Reactions of isocyanates with methyl<i>N</i>-(cyanothioformyl)anthranilate
  作者：L. M. Deck、E. P. Papadopoulos、K. A. Smith

  DOI：10.1002/jhet.5570400522

  日期：2003.9

  The triethylamine-catalyzed reactions of methyl N-(cyanothioformyl)anthranilate (1) with isocyanates result in cyclization involving the cyano group to form methyl 2-(4-imino-2-oxo-3-substituted-5-thioxoimi-dazolidin-1-yl)benzoates (4). Ring closure at the ester carbonyl to form 3-aryl-3,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinazo-line-2-carbonitriles (8) is observed when the S-methyl derivative of 1 is allowed to react

  N-（氰基硫代甲酰基）邻氨基苯甲酸甲酯（1）与异氰酸酯的三乙胺催化反应导致涉及氰基的环化反应生成甲基2-（4-亚氨基-2-氧代-3-氧代-3-取代的5-硫代肟基-偶氮利丁-1 -基）苯甲酸酯（4）。当使1的S-甲基衍生物与芳族胺反应时，观察到在酯羰基处的闭环形成3-芳基-3,4-二氢-4-氧喹唑啉-线-2-腈（8）。
• Carbon-linked substituted piperidines and derivatives thereof useful as histamine H3 antagonists
  申请人：Aslanian G. Robert

  公开号：US20070010513A1

  公开（公告）日：2007-01-11

  Disclosed are compounds of the formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: M 1 and M 3 are CH or N; M 2 is CH, CF or N; Y is —C(═O)—, —C(═S)—, —(CH 2 ) q —, —C(═NOR 7 )— or —SO 1-2 —; Z is a bond or optionally substituted alkylene or alkenylene; R 1 is H, alkyl, alkenyl, or optionally substituted cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl or a group of the formula: where ring A is a monoheteroaryl ring; R 1 is optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl; and the remaining variables are as defined in the specification; compositions and methods of treating allergy-induced airway responses, congestion, obesity, metabolic syndrome nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatacellular carcinoma or cognition deficit disorders using said compounds, alone or in combination with other agents.

  揭示了以下化合物的结构式或其药学上可接受的盐，其中： M1和M3为CH或N； M2为CH、CF或N； Y为—C(═O)—、—C(═S)—、—(CH2)q—、—C(═NOR7)—或—SO1-2—；Z为键或可选择地取代的烷基或烯基； R1为H、烷基、烯基，或可选择地取代的环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、杂环烷基或下式的基团： 其中环A为单杂芳基环； R1为可选择地取代的烷基、烯基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基或杂环烷基；其余变量如规范中所定义；使用这些化合物，单独或与其他药剂结合，治疗过敏引起的气道反应、充血、肥胖、代谢综合征、非酒精性脂肪肝病、肝脂肪变性、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、肝硬化、肝细胞癌或认知缺陷症状的组合物和治疗方法。

表征谱图