Enantioselective Enolate Protonation with Chiral Anilines: Scope, Structural Requirements, and Mechanistic Implications
作者:E. Vedejs、A. W. Kruger、N. Lee、S. T. Sakata、M. Stec、E. Suna
DOI:10.1021/ja994437m
日期:2000.5.1
substitution at the γ-carbon, γ-protonation can be a competing reaction in the case of the aliphatic substrates 12, 14b, 14d, and 18. The evidence is most consistent with a mechanism that involves proton transfer from 1a to a mixed aggregate consisting of enolate 4a and the lithiated amide 5, but direct proton transfer from 1a to the enolate is not ruled out.
Substituted Isoquinolines by Noyori Transfer Hydrogenation: Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Diamines Containing an Aniline Subunit
作者:E. Vedejs、P. Trapencieris、E. Suna
DOI:10.1021/jo990594s
日期:1999.9.1
Transfer hydrogenation using the Noyori catalyst 5-Ts is effective for the enantioselective hydrogenation of imines containing fully substituted nitrogen groups (12 or 13). Analogues such as Ile could not be reduced in practical yield, apparently due to product inhibition of the catalyst. Asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of the aniline imine 8a was possible, but required. impractical purity levels for the substrate, and the nitro analogue 7 could not be reduced efficiently. The best results were Obtained with the bromophenyl imine 20, In the case of 20b, the product 21b was formed with 98.7% ee, and the material could be upgraded to >99% ee by crystallization of the hydrochloride salt. Reaction of 21b with NH3 or MeNH2 in the presence of Cu/CuCl gave the chiral anilines 10b or 23b. The latter substance is comparable to the commercially available 1 as a chiral proton donor fog amide enolates and provides access to the hitherto unavailable enantiomeric series.
Enantioselective Enolate Protonation: Matching Chiral Aniline and Substrate Acidity
作者:E. Vedejs、A. W. Kruger、E. Suna
DOI:10.1021/jo990897m
日期:1999.10.1
A comparison of chiral anilines 1a-f in the asymmetric protonation of enolate 15 shows that the optimum Delta pK(a) value (chiral acid vs protonated enolate) for the highest enantioselectivity is ca. 3 (Table 2). An extension of this concept to amino acid enolates was possible, and le was found to give the best enantioselectivity (85% ee) with the alanine-derived N-lithioenolate 5a (Table 3). Changes in aniline pK(a) due to variation of substituents at the aniline nitrogen were evaluated briefly, but these changes did not show consistent trends in the enantioselectivity vs pK(a).
Lewis acid-induced internal proton return: enantiocontrolled protonation of an amide enolate
作者:E. Vedejs、Namkyu Lee
DOI:10.1021/ja00014a066
日期:1991.7
Catalytic Asymmetric Protonation of Amide Enolates: Optimization of Kinetic Acidity in the Catalytic Cycle