Dendrimers Terminated with Dichlorotriazine Groups Provide a Route to Compositional Diversity
作者:Subrata Patra、Brittany Kozura、Adela Y.-T. Huang、Alan E. Enciso、Xiankai Sun、Jer-Tsong Hsieh、Chai-Lin Kao、Hui-Ting Chen、Eric E. Simanek
DOI:10.1021/ol400811h
日期:2013.8.2
Triazine dendrimers terminated with either four or eight dichlorotriazines can be prepared in high yields by reacting an amine-terminated dendrimer with cyanuric chloride. These materials exist as white powders and are stable to storage at room temperature. Sequential nucleophilic aromatic substitution with two different amine nucleophiles yields compounds that display the desired compositional diversity. Reaction conditions for the substitution were developed using a model dichlorotriazine with amine nucleophiles at -20,0, and 25 degrees C. Selective substitution is favored at lower temperatures and with more nucleophilic amine groups.
Cytotoxicity, Hemolysis, and Acute in Vivo Toxicity of Dendrimers Based on Melamine, Candidate Vehicles for Drug Delivery
作者:Hui-Ting Chen、Michael F. Neerman、Alan R. Parrish、Eric E. Simanek
DOI:10.1021/ja048548j
日期:2004.8.1
A small library of dendrimers was prepared from a common precursor that is available in 5 g scale in five linear steps at 56% overall yield. The precursor is a generation three dendrimer that displays 48 peripheral sites by incorporating AB(4) surface groups. Manipulation of these sites provided six dendrimers that vary in the chemistry of the surface group (amine, guanidine, carboxylate, sulfonate, phosphonate, and PEGylated) that were evaluated for hemolytic potential and cytotoxicity. Cationic dendrimers were found to be more cytotoxic and hemolytic than anionic or PEGylated dendrimers. The PEGylated dendrimer was evaluated for acute toxicity in vivo. No toxicity-neither mortality nor abnormal blood chemistry based on blood urea nitrogen levels or alanine transaminase activity-was observed in doses up to 2.56 g/kg ip and 1.28 g/kg iv.
Synthesis of Odd Generation Triazine Dendrimers Using a Divergent, Macromonomer Approach
作者:Jongdoo Lim、Meredith A. Mintzer、Lisa M. Perez、Eric E. Simanek
DOI:10.1021/ol902669g
日期:2010.3.19
Using a macromonomer, first, third, and fifth generation triazine dendrimers can be prepared using a divergent approach. The nine-step process to the fifth generation target relies on an iterative two-reactions-per-generation strategy to yield the desired material in similar to 48% overall yield. This target displays 96 surface groups. NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry show that exceptionally narrow polydispersity is achieved using this strategy.
Triazine Dendrimers with Orthogonally Protected Amines on the Periphery. Masking Amines with Dde and BOC Groups Provides an Alternative to Carrying Protected Alcohols and Disulfides through an Iterative Synthesis
作者:Alona P. Umali、Hannah L. Crampton、Eric E. Simanek
DOI:10.1021/jo701320h
日期:2007.12.1
An orthogonally protected dendrimer based on melamine displaying 24 Boc-protected amines (Boc is t-butoxycarbonyl) and 12 Dde-protected (Dde is N-2-(4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene)ethyl) amines was synthesized using a convergent route in four linear steps in 43% overall yield to provide 5 g of product. Postsynthetic manipulation of this dendrimer produced a 57 kDa macromolecule bearing poly(ethylene