二乙基二甲基铅 | 1762-27-2

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机金属化合物 - 有机过渡后金属化合物
• 中文名称: 二乙基二甲基铅
• 中文别名: 碳酸二羟基铝
• 英文名称: Diethyl-dimethyl-plumbane
• 英文别名: diethyl-dimethyl plumbane；Diaethyl-dimethyl-plumban；Diaethyl-dimethyl-blei；Dimethyl-diaethyl-blei；Blei-dimethyl-diethyl；Diaethyl-dimethylblei；Diethyldimethyllead；diethyl(dimethyl)plumbane
• CAS: 1762-27-2
• 化学式: C₆H₁₆Pb
• 分子量: 295.393
• InChiKey: OLOAJSHVLXNSQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 沸点：
  51 °C(Press: 13 Torr)
• 密度：
  1.7906 g/cm3
• 颜色/状态：
  Colorless liquid
• 闪点：
  Depending on the specific mixture, flash points may vary from 30-141 °F. /Motor fuel anti-knock mixtures; Motor fuel anti-knock compounds/
• 溶解度：
  In water, 4.6 mg/L at 25 °C (est)
• 蒸汽压力：
  2.2 mm Hg at 25 °C

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.73
• 重原子数：
  7
• 可旋转键数：
  2
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  1.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

通常情况下，血液中的铅含量略有升高，但在某些中毒情况下几乎正常。在反复吸汽油的情况下，血液中的铅含量很高。血铅水平与中毒的严重程度之间没有密切的相关性。铅的尿排泄明显增加...

The concentration of lead in blood varies, in general, it is slightly elevated but in some cases of poisoning it is nearly normal. In cases of repeated gasoline sniffing the content of lead in blood is high. No close correlation exists between blood lead levels and the severity of intoxication. The urinary excretion of lead is increased markedly ...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

铅通过吸入、口服和皮肤接触被吸收，然后主要分布到骨骼和红细胞中。在血液中，铅可能被发现与血清白蛋白或金属结合蛋白金属lothionein结合。有机铅通过细胞色素P-450酶代谢，而无机铅与δ-氨基酮酸脱氢酶形成复合物。铅主要通过尿液和粪便排出。

Lead is absorbed following inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure. It is then distributed mainly to the bones and red blood cells. In the blood lead may be found bound to serum albumin or the metal-binding protein metallothionein. Organic lead is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes, whereas inorganic lead forms complexes with delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Lead is excreted mainly in the urine and faeces. (L136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

铅模仿其他生物学上重要的金属，如锌、钙和铁，作为许多它们各自酶促反应的辅因子与之竞争。例如，铅已被证明能竞争性地抑制钙与钙调蛋白的结合，干扰神经递质的释放。它对NMDA受体和蛋白激酶C表现出类似的竞争性抑制，这损害了脑微血管的形成和功能，并改变了血脑屏障。铅还通过阻碍多巴胺合成的调节和阻止乙酰胆碱的诱发释放来影响神经系统。然而，其主要作用机制是通过抑制δ-氨基酮酸脱水酶，这是一种在血红素生物合成中至关重要的酶，而血红素是血红蛋白所需的必要辅因子。(T4, A20, A22, L136)

Lead mimics other biologically important metals, such as zinc, calcium, and iron, competing as cofactors for many of their respective enzymatic reactions. For example, lead has been shown to competitively inhibit calcium's binding of calmodulin, interferring with neurotransmitter release. It exhibits similar competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor and protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Lead also affects the nervous system by impairing regulation of dopamine synthesis and blocking evoked release of acetylcholine. However, it's main mechanism of action occurs by inhibiting delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, an enzyme vital in the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. (T4, A20, A22, L136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

对于无机铅化合物的致癌性，人类的证据有限。对于有机铅化合物的致癌性，人类的证据不足。在实验动物中，对于无机铅化合物的致癌性有充分的证据……在实验动物中，对于有机铅化合物的致癌性证据不足……无机铅化合物可能对人类具有致癌性（2A组）。有机铅化合物对人类的致癌性无法分类（3组）。工作组注意到，有机铅化合物至少部分在人类和动物体内代谢为离子铅。由于有机铅产生的离子铅存在于体内，预计它将表现出与无机铅相关的毒性。

There is limited evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of inorganic lead cmpd. There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of organic lead cmpd. There is sufficient evidence in exptl animals for the carcinogenicity of inorganic lead cmpd ... There is inadequate evidence in exptl animals for the carcinogenicity of organic lead cmpd ... Inorganic lead cmpd are probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). Organic lead cmpd are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). The working group noted that organic lead cmpd are metabolized, at least in part, to ionic lead both in humans and animals. The the extent that ionic lead, generated from organic lead, is present in the body, it will be expected to exert the toxicities associated with inorganic lead.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

铅、铅化合物：合理预期为人类致癌物

Lead, lead compounds: Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

有机铅化合物无法归类为对人类具有致癌性（第3组）。在有机铅化合物部分代谢为离子铅的程度上，它们预计会表现出与无机铅（第2A组，可能对人类具有致癌性）相关的毒性。

Organic lead compounds are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). To the extent that organic lead compounds are metabolized in part to ionic lead, they are expected to exert the toxicities associated with inorganic lead (Group 2A, probably carcinogenic to humans). (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

铅是一种神经毒素，已知会导致大脑损伤和认知能力下降，特别是在儿童中。铅暴露可能导致肾病，以及诸如高血压和贫血等血液疾病。铅还表现出生殖毒性，可能导致流产和减少精子产生。

Lead is a neurotoxin and has been known to cause brain damage and reduced cognitive capacity, especially in children. Lead exposure can result in nephropathy, as well as blood disorders such as high blood pressure and anemia. Lead also exhibits reproductive toxicity and can results in miscarriages and reduced sperm production. (L21)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• 海关编码：
  2931900090

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  二乙基二甲基铅 在 I₂ 作用下， 以 四氯化碳 为溶剂， 生成
  参考文献：
  名称：

  有机金属和碘的供体-受体配合物。烷基配体作为电荷转移空间效应探针

  摘要：

  DOI：

  10.1021/j100443a009
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  甲基碘化镁 、 二乙基二氯化铅 在 乙醚 作用下， 生成 二乙基二甲基铅
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Moeller; Pfeiffer, Chemische Berichte, 1916, vol. 49, p. 2443,2444

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• The Redistribution Reaction. X. The Relative Affinity of Mercury and Lead for Methyl and Ethyl Radicals
  作者：George Calingaert、Harold Soroos、Hymin Shapiro

  DOI：10.1021/ja01849a015

  日期：1941.4
• Charge-transfer mechanism for electrophilic reactions. SE2 cleavage of alkylmetals with iodine
  作者：S. Fukuzumi、J. K. Kochi

  DOI：10.1021/ja00527a001

  日期：1980.3
• Calingaert; Beatty; Neal, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1939, vol. 61, p. 2756
  作者：Calingaert、Beatty、Neal

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• The Redistribution Reaction. V. R₄Pb Compounds
  作者：George Calingaert、Harold A. Beatty、Harold Soroos

  DOI：10.1021/ja01862a030

  日期：1940.5
• Method of producing alkyl compounds of lead
  申请人：ETHYL GASOLINE CORP

  公开号：US02270108A1

  公开（公告）日：1942-01-13