乙基三甲基铅 | 1762-26-1

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机金属化合物 - 有机过渡后金属化合物
• 中文名称: 乙基三甲基铅
• 英文名称: ethyltrimethylplumbane
• 英文别名: ethyltrimethyllead；ethyl-trimethyl plumbane；Aethyl-trimethyl-plumban；Aethyl-trimethyl-blei；Trimethyl-aethyl-plumban；Trimethyl-aethyl-blei；ethyl(trimethyl)plumbane
• CAS: 1762-26-1
• 化学式: C₅H₁₄Pb
• 分子量: 281.366
• InChiKey: KHQJREYATBQBHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 沸点：
  128-130 °C(Press: 751 Torr)
• 颜色/状态：
  Colorless liquid
• 溶解度：
  In water, 7.65 mg/L at 25 °C (est)
• 密度：
  1.88 g/cu cm at 20 °C
• 蒸汽压力：
  7.30 mm Hg at 25 °C

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  2.34
• 重原子数：
  6
• 可旋转键数：
  1
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  1.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

铅在血液中的浓度通常略有升高，但在某些中毒情况下几乎正常。在反复吸汽油的情况下，血液中的铅含量很高。血铅水平与中毒严重程度之间没有密切的相关性。铅的尿排泄明显增加...

The concentration of lead in blood varies, in general, it is slightly elevated but in some cases of poisoning it is nearly normal. In cases of repeated gasoline sniffing the content of lead in blood is high. No close correlation exists between blood lead levels and the severity of intoxication. The urinary excretion of lead is increased markedly ...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

铅通过吸入、口服和皮肤接触被吸收，然后主要分布到骨骼和红细胞中。在血液中，铅可能被发现与血清白蛋白或金属结合蛋白金属lothionein结合。有机铅通过细胞色素P-450酶代谢，而无机铅与δ-氨基酮酸脱氢酶形成复合物。铅主要通过尿液和粪便排出。(L136)

Lead is absorbed following inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure. It is then distributed mainly to the bones and red blood cells. In the blood lead may be found bound to serum albumin or the metal-binding protein metallothionein. Organic lead is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes, whereas inorganic lead forms complexes with delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Lead is excreted mainly in the urine and faeces. (L136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

铅模仿其他生物学上重要的金属，如锌、钙和铁，作为许多相应酶促反应的辅因子与之竞争。例如，铅已被证明能竞争性地抑制钙与钙调蛋白的结合，干扰神经递质的释放。它在对NMDA受体和蛋白激酶C上也表现出类似的竞争性抑制作用，这损害了大脑微血管的形成和功能，并改变了血脑屏障。铅还通过影响多巴胺合成的调节和阻止乙酰胆碱的诱发释放来影响神经系统。然而，其主要作用机制是通过抑制delta-aminolevulinic酸脱氢酶，该酶在血红素生物合成中至关重要，而血红素是血红蛋白必需的辅因子。(T4, A20, A22, L136)

Lead mimics other biologically important metals, such as zinc, calcium, and iron, competing as cofactors for many of their respective enzymatic reactions. For example, lead has been shown to competitively inhibit calcium's binding of calmodulin, interferring with neurotransmitter release. It exhibits similar competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor and protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Lead also affects the nervous system by impairing regulation of dopamine synthesis and blocking evoked release of acetylcholine. However, it's main mechanism of action occurs by inhibiting delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, an enzyme vital in the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. (T4, A20, A22, L136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

对于无机铅化合物的致癌性，人类的证据有限。对于有机铅化合物的致癌性，人类的证据不足。在实验动物中，对于无机铅化合物的致癌性有充分的证据……在实验动物中，对于有机铅化合物的致癌性证据不足……无机铅化合物可能对人类具有致癌性（2A组）。有机铅化合物对人类的致癌性无法分类（3组）。工作组注意到，有机铅化合物至少部分在人类和动物体内代谢为离子铅。由于有机铅产生的离子铅存在于体内，预计它将表现出与无机铅相关的毒性。

There is limited evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of inorganic lead cmpd. There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of organic lead cmpd. There is sufficient evidence in exptl animals for the carcinogenicity of inorganic lead cmpd ... There is inadequate evidence in exptl animals for the carcinogenicity of organic lead cmpd ... Inorganic lead cmpd are probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). Organic lead cmpd are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). The working group noted that organic lead cmpd are metabolized, at least in part, to ionic lead both in humans and animals. The the extent that ionic lead, generated from organic lead, is present in the body, it will be expected to exert the toxicities associated with inorganic lead.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

铅、铅化合物：合理预期为人类致癌物

Lead, lead compounds: Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

有机铅化合物无法归类为对人类具有致癌性（第3组）。在有机铅化合物部分代谢为离子铅的程度上，它们预计会表现出与无机铅（第2A组，可能对人类具有致癌性）相关的毒性。

Organic lead compounds are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). To the extent that organic lead compounds are metabolized in part to ionic lead, they are expected to exert the toxicities associated with inorganic lead (Group 2A, probably carcinogenic to humans). (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

铅是一种神经毒素，已知会导致大脑损伤和认知能力下降，尤其是在儿童中。铅暴露可能导致肾病，以及如高血压和贫血等血液疾病。铅还表现出生殖毒性，可能导致流产和精子产量减少。

Lead is a neurotoxin and has been known to cause brain damage and reduced cognitive capacity, especially in children. Lead exposure can result in nephropathy, as well as blood disorders such as high blood pressure and anemia. Lead also exhibits reproductive toxicity and can results in miscarriages and reduced sperm production. (L21)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

吸收、分配和排泄

与皮肤作为无机铅吸收途径的相对重要性相比，有机铅化合物被吸收的程度如此之高，以至于在调配含铅汽油的操作人员中，有机铅化合物的毒性被归因于皮肤吸收。/有机铅化合物/

In contrast to relative insignificance of skin as route of inorg lead absorption, alkyl lead compounds are absorbed to such a degree that toxicity among handlers of these compounds in blending of leaded gasoline has been attributed to skin absorption. /Alkyl lead compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 海关编码：
  2931900090

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  乙基三甲基铅 在 乙醚 、 溴 作用下， 生成 ethyl-dimethyl-propyl plumbane
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Gruettner; Krause, Chemische Berichte, 1917, vol. 50, p. 205

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  乙基溴化镁 、 alkaline earth salt of/the/ methylsulfuric acid 在 乙醚 作用下， 生成 乙基三甲基铅
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Gruettner; Krause, Chemische Berichte, 1916, vol. 49, p. 1129

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• The Redistribution Reaction. X. The Relative Affinity of Mercury and Lead for Methyl and Ethyl Radicals
  作者：George Calingaert、Harold Soroos、Hymin Shapiro

  DOI：10.1021/ja01849a015

  日期：1941.4
• Charge-transfer mechanism for electrophilic reactions. SE2 cleavage of alkylmetals with iodine
  作者：S. Fukuzumi、J. K. Kochi

  DOI：10.1021/ja00527a001

  日期：1980.3
• Donor-acceptor complexes of organometals and iodine. Alkyl ligands as probes for steric effects in charge transfer
  作者：S. Fukuzumi、J. K. Kochi

  DOI：10.1021/j100443a009

  日期：1980.3
• Calingaert; Beatty; Neal, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1939, vol. 61, p. 2756
  作者：Calingaert、Beatty、Neal

  DOI：——

  日期：——
• The Redistribution Reaction. V. R₄Pb Compounds
  作者：George Calingaert、Harold A. Beatty、Harold Soroos

  DOI：10.1021/ja01862a030

  日期：1940.5