利用空气中的氧气作为末端氧化剂,从醇和仲胺中Cu催化合成酰胺已得到发展。该方法操作简单,不需要高压设备或纯氧气的处理。可商购的非贵金属催化剂Cu(phen)Cl 2与二叔丁基肼二羧酸酯和无机碱一起以中等到极好的收率提供了多种苯甲酰胺。胺共轭酸的p K a和醇的电子学被证明会影响碱的选择,以实现最佳反应性。提出了一种与观察到的反应性趋势,KIE和Hammett研究相一致的机制。
Process for the preparation of 4`-haloalkylbiphenyl-2-carboxylic acids
申请人:Kreis Michael
公开号:US20120016152A1
公开(公告)日:2012-01-19
The invention relates to a process for the preparation of optionally substituted 4′-haloalkyl-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid esters and to a process for the preparation of corresponding optionally substituted 4′-haloalkylbiphenyl-2-carboxylic acids.
Reversing the Regioselectivity of Halofunctionalization Reactions through Cooperative Photoredox and Copper Catalysis
作者:Jeremy D. Griffin、Cortney L. Cavanaugh、David A. Nicewicz
DOI:10.1002/anie.201610722
日期:2017.2.13
Halofunctionalization of alkenes is a classical method for olefin difunctionalization. It gives rise to adducts which are found in many natural products and biologically active molecules, and offers a synthetic handle for further manipulation. Classically, this reaction is performed with an electrophilic halogen source and leads to regioselective formation of the halofunctionalized adducts. Herein
the syntheses of eight compounds 1–8. In these, 1∶1 adducts of CuX/phen are reported: ionic [Cu(phen)2][CuX2] (X=Cl 1, Br 2) and dimer [Cu2I2(phen)] 3; the trinuclear clusters [Cu3X3(phen)2] (X=Br 5, I 7) were first prepared and the structures can be best described as 1∶1 adducts of dimers and CuX; the chain compounds 6 and 8 belong to the same series with the formula [CuX2L] (L=organic ligand), but
Ternary and binary copper(II) complexes: synthesis, characterization, ROS-inductive, proteasome inhibitory, and anticancer properties
作者:May Lee Low、Cheang Wei Chan、Pei Ying Ng、Ing Hong Ooi、Mohd Jamil Maah、Soi Moi Chye、Kong Wai Tan、Seik Weng Ng、Chew Hee Ng
DOI:10.1080/00958972.2016.1260711
日期:2017.1.17
assay revealed that the three ternarycomplexes were better inducers of reactive oxygen species over time than binarycomplexes, CuCl2, and free ligands. All the copper(II) complexes in this series inhibited the three proteolytic activities in the order Trypsin-like > Caspase-like > Chymotrypsin-like. In terms of anticancer properties, the copper(II)-phen complexes had GI50 values of less than 4 μM
摘要 三种三元铜(II)配合物[Cu(phen)(L-phe)Cl]·2H2O、[Cu(phen)(L-leu)Cl]·4½H2O和[Cu(phen)(L-tyr) Cl]·3H2O 和四种二元铜 (II) 配合物 [Cu(phen)Cl2]、Cu(L-phe)2·½H2O、Cu(L-leu)2·½H2O 和 Cu(L-tyr)2 ·H2O(其中phen = 110-菲咯啉,L-phe = L-苯丙氨酸,L-tyr = L-酪氨酸,L-leu = L-亮氨酸,Cl- = 氯化物),通过元素分析、光谱技术进行表征(FTIR、紫外-可见光、荧光光谱)、磁化率、摩尔电导率和亲脂性测量。[Cu(phen)(L-tyr)Cl] 单晶的 X 射线衍射测定显示不对称单元中有两个独立的分子,每个分子都具有相同的关于铜 (II) 的扭曲四角锥几何形状。对亚硝基二甲基苯胺测定表明,随着时间的推移,三种三元配合物比二元配合物、CuCl2
Site Selective Chlorination of C(sp
<sup>3</sup>
)−H Bonds Suitable for Late‐Stage Functionalization
作者:Alexander Fawcett、M. Josephine Keller、Zachary Herrera、John F. Hartwig
DOI:10.1002/anie.202016548
日期:2021.4.6
biologically active small molecules, and an ideal route for their preparation is by the chlorination of a C(sp3)−H bond. However, most current methods for the chlorination of C(sp3)−H bonds are insufficiently site selective and tolerant of functional groups to be applicable to the late‐stage functionalization of complex molecules. We report a method for the highly selective chlorination of tertiary and benzylic