重铀酸铵 | 7783-22-4

• 物质功能分类: 无机化工 - 无机盐 - 金属氧化物酸盐、金属过氧化物酸盐
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 锕系有机物
• 中文名称: 重铀酸铵
• 英文名称: Ammonium diuranate
• 英文别名: diazanium;oxygen(2-);uranium
• CAS: 7783-22-4
• 化学式: H8N2O7U2-12
• 分子量: 624.13
• InChiKey: ZAASRHQPRFFWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-P

物化性质

• 溶解度：
  不溶于H2O、碱性溶液；溶于酸溶液
• 稳定性/保质期：

  不溶于水，却容易溶解在酸中，并且具有放射性。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -0.08
• 重原子数：
  11
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  9
• 氢给体数：
  2
• 氢受体数：
  7

ADMET

代谢

铀通过口服、吸入和皮肤途径被少量吸收。体内的铀通常以尿anyl离子（UO2）2+的形式存在，与阴离子如柠檬酸盐和碳酸氢盐或血浆蛋白结合。铀优先分布到骨骼、肝脏和肾脏。进入体内的铀大部分不被吸收，并通过尿液和粪便从体内排出。(L248)

Uranium is absorbed in low amounts via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes. Uranium in body fluids generally exists as the uranyl ion (UO2)2+ complexed with anions, such as citrate and bicarbonate, or plasma proteins. Uranium preferentially distributes to bone, liver, and kidney. The large majority of uranium that enters the body is not absorbed and is eliminated from the body via the urine and faeces. (L248)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

铀与血液中的碳酸氢盐或血浆蛋白结合，但一旦进入肾脏，它就会被释放并与肾小管壁上的磷酸盐配体和蛋白质形成复合物，造成损害。铀还可能抑制肾近端小管中的依赖钠传输和不依赖钠传输的ATP利用以及线粒体氧化磷酸化。铀通过损伤肺泡上皮II型细胞引起呼吸系统疾病。铀诱导c-Jun N端激酶（JNK）和p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38 MAPK）的激活，进而诱导肿瘤坏死因子alpha（TNF-alpha）的分泌，在肺中产生炎症反应。研究表明，铀盐越可溶，毒性越大。铀产生的电离辐射损伤DNA，导致基因突变和染色体畸变。这可以启动和促进致癌作用，并干扰繁殖和发育。（L249，A160）

Uranium is combined with either bicarbonate or a plasma protein in the blood but once in the kidney, it is released and forms complexes with phosphate ligands and proteins in the tubular wall, causing damage. Uranium may also inhibit both sodium transport-dependent and independent ATP utilization and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the renal proximal tubule. Uranium causes respiratory diseases by damaging alveolar epithelium type II cells in the lungs. Uranium induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation, which in turn induces tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion and generates and inflammatory response in the lungs. Studies have shown that the more soluble the uranium salt, the more toxic it is. Ionizing radiation produced by uranium damages the DNA, resulting in gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations. This can both both initiate and promote carcinogenesis, and interfere with reproduction and development. (L249, A160)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

铀：第1组，对人类有致癌性（L135）

Uranium: Group 1, carcinogenic to humans (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

铀主要损害肾脏，但也可能损害肺部、中枢神经系统和免疫系统。铀的放射性被认为会损害DNA，导致致癌效果以及生殖和发育损害。

Uranium primarily damages the kidney, but may also damage the lungs, central nervous system, and immune system. Uranium's radioactivity is believed to damage the DNA, resulting in carcinogenic effects and reproductive and developmental damage. (L248, L249)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L249）；吸入（L249）；皮肤给药（L249）

Oral (L249) ; inhalation (L249) ; dermal (L249)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 症状

摄入铀可能会导致呕吐和腹泻。

Ingestion of uranium may cause vomiting and diarrhea. (L248)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

制备方法与用途

毒性

参见氧化钍产品。

化学性质

浅黄色固体，不溶于水但易溶于酸。具有放射性。

用途

用于核燃料、玻璃添加剂，也用作制备铀盐的原料。

生产方法

采用独居石副产回收法从独居石中提取钍盐回收副产物，经碱溶液溶解后使用硝酸溶解，通过磷酸三丁酯（TBP）萃取钍时得到铀盐，经过反萃分离获得纯铀反萃液。加入稀草酸沉淀微量钍及稀土元素，过滤后将滤液加热至70℃，通入氨气调节pH值至8～9，沉淀物过滤即可制得重铀酸铵产品。

反应方程式如下：

1. 2U3O8 + O2 + 6NaOH → 3Na2U2O7↓ + 3
2. Na2U2O7 + 6H → 2UO2(NO3)2 + 2Na + 3
3. 2UO2( )2 + 6NH3·H2O → (NH4)2U2O7 + 4NH4 + 3

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  硝酸铀酰 以 氨 为溶剂， 反应 2.0h， 生成 重铀酸铵
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Production of microspheres of thorium oxide, uranium oxide and plutonium

  摘要：

  一种用于制备含碳的氧化钍、氧化铀或氧化钚及其混合物的微球的方法。首先形成一种含有所述金属盐的碱性水溶液，该金属盐将在浓缩的碱性介质中沉淀为固态形式，与碱性可聚合有机单体和碳混合，然后将该溶液滴入浓缩的碱性介质中，其中金属羟化物被沉淀出来，所述单体被聚合以形成所述微球。沉淀的金属化合物与聚合单体和碳被洗涤以去除不需要的离子，并通过各种方法进行干燥，例如空气流、红外灯、高频微波或最好的方法是共沸蒸馏，其中洗涤的颗粒被分散在与水不相容的有机液体中，然后将其沸腾干燥。简单的液体包括1,1,1-三氯乙烷、四氯化碳和二甲苯。然后，微球经过热处理，根据特定组合物和所需的最终产品性质而变化。根据本发明的方法获得的微球具有高密度、良好的均匀性和高拉伸强度等优良性能，并可用作高温气冷核反应堆的燃料。在一种首选实施例中，尿酰硝酸盐与丙烯醛混合在稀氨水溶液中，加入碳，然后将溶液滴入浓缩的碱性介质中，由此形成微球，用水洗涤，通过有机液体的共沸蒸馏干燥，并进行热循环处理。

  公开号：

  US04202793A1

文献信息

• Method of defluorinating uranium compositions in a calciner
  申请人：General Electric Company

  公开号：US03969477A1

  公开（公告）日：1976-07-13

  A method of dehalogenating a particulate composition in a calciner having a heating zone and a cooling zone is presented in which a dehalogenating atmosphere flows through the calciner, including a constricted zone in the calciner, countercurrent to the movement of the composition through the calciner. There is practiced a step of constricting the passage of the controlled atmosphere to a zone of greater flow velocity so that the flow of the dehalogenating atmosphere through the constricted zone substantially minimizes diffusion into the cooling zone of the gaseous impurities removed from the particulate composition in the heating zone.

  提供了一种在具有加热区和冷却区的煅烧器中脱卤化颗粒组分的方法，其中脱卤化气氛逆流通过煅烧器，包括煅烧器中的收缩区。实施了一步将控制气氛的通道收缩到流速更大的区域，使得脱卤化气氛通过收缩区域的流动，从加热区中去除的气态杂质的扩散到冷却区域被大大减少。
• Process for obtaining uranium trioxide by direct thermal denitration of
  申请人：Comurhex Societe Pour La Conversion De l'Uranium En Metal Et Hexafluorure

  公开号：US05628048A1

  公开（公告）日：1997-05-06

  Process for obtaining uranium trioxide from a uranyl nitrate solution, the trioxide obtained having to have a specific surface between 12 and 15 m.sup.2 /g, consisting of producing in a zone of the reaction chamber called the contact zone, a thermomechanical contact between the uranyl nitrate solution, atomized into fine droplets according to a given axis in the contact zone, and a gaseous fluid introduced into the contact zone, the gaseous fluid being at a sufficiently high temperature and having a sufficiently high mechanical energy to carry out, within the contact zone, the dehydration and calcination of the uranyl nitrate.

  从硝酸铀溶液中获取三氧化二铀的过程，所得到的三氧化二铀必须具有12至15平方米/克的特定表面积，包括在反应室的一个称为接触区的区域中产生热机械接触，在接触区域内，将硝酸铀溶液雾化成细小的液滴，沿着给定的轴，并将气态流体引入接触区域，气态流体具有足够高的温度和足够高的机械能量，在接触区域内进行硝酸铀的脱水和焙烧。
• Uranium dioxide process
  申请人：Eldorado Nuclear Limited

  公开号：US04035468A1

  公开（公告）日：1977-07-12

  Process for the preparation of fine particle size uranium dioxide from a uranium trioxide feed comprising the following steps: A. reacting solid uranium trioxide with aqueous ammonium nitrate to form an insoluble ammonium uranate B. neutralizing the thus formed slurry with ammonium hydroxide to precipitate out as an insoluble ammonium uranate the remaining dissolved uranium C. recovering the thus formed precipitates in a dry state and D. reducing the dried precipitate to uranium dioxide.

  从三氧化铀原料制备细颗粒尺寸的二氧化铀的过程包括以下步骤：A. 将固体三氧化铀与水合硝酸铵反应，形成不溶性的铵铀酸盐；B. 用氢氧化铵中和所形成的混浊液，使剩余的溶解铀沉淀为不溶性的铵铀酸盐；C. 以干燥状态回收所形成的沉淀物；D. 将干燥的沉淀物还原成二氧化铀。
• Process for manufacturing uranium dioxide powder
  申请人：Mitsubishi Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd.

  公开号：US04505882A1

  公开（公告）日：1985-03-19

  A process for manufacturing uranium dioxide powder which comprises forming fine uranium dioxide powder having a high sinterability and coarse uranium dioxide powder having a low sinterability continuously in one process by changing periodically the precipitation condition of the ammonium diuranate under the same condition of calcining and reducing of the ammonium diuranate. The thus obtained mixture of these uranium dioxide powders is suitable for uranium dioxide pellet which is a fuel of nuclear power reactor.

  制造二氧化铀粉末的工艺包括在同一过程中连续形成具有高烧结性能的细二氧化铀粉末和具有低烧结性能的粗二氧化铀粉末，通过周期性改变铵二铀酸的沉淀条件，在铵二铀酸的煅烧和还原条件相同的情况下。因此获得的这些二氧化铀粉末的混合物适用于核功率反应堆的燃料-二氧化铀颗粒。
• Dripping nozzle device, device for recovering feedstock liquid, device for supplying a feedstock liquid, device for solidifying the surfaces of drops, device for circulation aqueous ammonia solution, and apparatus for droducing ammonium diuranate particles
  申请人：Okubo Kazutoshi

  公开号：US20070056637A1

  公开（公告）日：2007-03-15

  This invention provides a dripping nozzle device to produce ADU particles with good sphericity, a device for recovering a feedstock liquid to prepare a uniform feedstock liquid, a device for supplying a feedstock liquid to form drops with a uniform volume, a device for solidifying the surfaces of drops so that the drops will not deform easily when they fall onto and hit the surface of an aqueous ammonia solution, a device for circulating an aqueous ammonia solution so that the uranyl nitrate in the drops can be changed to ammonium diuranate completely, to such an extent that uranyl nitrate in the center of each drop is changed to ammonium diuranate, and an apparatus for producing ammonium diuranate particles with good sphericity. The dripping nozzle device is provided with a single vibrator to vibrate nozzles simultaneously. The device for recovering a feedstock liquid recovers the feedstock liquid remaining in the nozzles and mixes it with a fresh feedstock liquid. The device for supplying a feedstock liquid is provided with a light irradiator for irradiating falling drops with light. The device for solidifying the surfaces of drops sprays ammonia gas over each of the paths along which the drops dripping from the nozzles fall. The device for circulating an aqueous ammonia solution enables drops to flow upward in the aqueous ammonia solution in the aqueous ammonia solution reservoir. The apparatus for producing ammonium diuranate utilizes these devices.

  本发明提供了一种滴漏喷嘴装置，用于生产具有良好球形度的ADU颗粒，一种回收原料液以制备均匀原料液的装置，一种供应原料液以形成具有均匀体积的液滴的装置，一种固化液滴表面的装置，使得液滴在落到和撞击水合氨溶液表面时不易变形，一种循环水合氨溶液的装置，使得液滴中的硝酸铀可以完全转化为二铀酸铵，以至于每个液滴中心的硝酸铀都转化为二铀酸铵，以及一种用于生产具有良好球形度的二铀酸铵颗粒的设备。滴漏喷嘴装置配有单个振动器，以同时振动喷嘴。回收原料液的装置回收喷嘴中剩余的原料液，并将其与新鲜原料液混合。供应原料液的装置配有光照器，用于照射落下的液滴。固化液滴表面的装置在液滴从喷嘴滴落的路径上向每个液滴喷洒氨气。循环水合氨溶液的装置使液滴在水合氨溶液储罐中向上流动。生产二铀酸铵的设备利用这些装置。