过氧化铀 | 19525-15-6

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 锕系有机物
• 中文名称: 过氧化铀
• 英文名称: Hydrogen peroxide--uranium--water (1/1/2)
• 英文别名: hydrogen peroxide;uranium;dihydrate
• CAS: 19525-15-6
• 化学式: H6O4U
• 分子量: 308.074
• InChiKey: PNXRGOSGKUKGJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 溶解度：
  不溶于水
• 熔点：
  Yellow, hygroscopic crystals; melting point: 115 °C (decomposes); insoluble in water /Dihydrate/
• 分解：
  Decomp to uranium trioxide and oxygen on contact with water and to uranyl salts on contact with acids.

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -1.63
• 重原子数：
  5
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  42.5
• 氢给体数：
  4
• 氢受体数：
  4

ADMET

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

A1; 确认的人类致癌物。/铀(天然)，可溶性及不溶性化合物，以铀(U)表示/

A1; Confirmed human carcinogen. /Uranium (natural), soluble & insoluble compounds, as U/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

基本治疗：建立专利气道。如有必要，进行吸痰。观察呼吸不足的迹象，如有必要，协助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测休克并视需要进行治疗……预期癫痫发作并视情况进行治疗……对相关伤害进行常规紧急护理。对于眼睛污染，立即用水冲洗眼睛。在转运过程中持续冲洗每只眼睛……不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入，如果患者能吞咽，有良好的呛咳反射，且不流口水，则用水冲洗口腔并给予5毫升/千克，最多200毫升的水进行稀释……根据需要进行常规BLS护理。/放射性物质I、II和III/

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... Perform routine emergency care for associated injuries. For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously during transport ... Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a good gag reflex, and does not drool ... Perform routine BLS care as necessary. /Radioactives I, II, and III/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

高级治疗：对于无意识或呼吸骤停的患者，考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。监测心率和根据需要治疗心律失常... 开始静脉输注乳酸钠林格氏液以支持生命体征。对于伴有低血容量症状的低血压，谨慎给予液体。注意液体过载的迹象... 用地西泮（安定）治疗癫痫... 根据需要执行常规的高级生命支持护理。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗... /放射性物质I、II和III/

Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... Start an IV with lactated Ringer's to support vital signs. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... Perform routine advanced life support care as needed. Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... /Radioactives I, II, and III/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

去污。1. 接触释放颗粒的固体或液体。受害者可能对救援者、运输车辆和医疗人员造成高度污染。1. 将受害者从暴露中移除，如果他们的状况允许，脱掉所有被污染的衣物，用肥皂和水清洗受害者。b. 所有衣物和清洗水必须保存，评估其放射性，并妥善处理。c. 救援者应穿着防护服和呼吸装备以避免污染。在医院，必须采取措施防止设施和人员受到污染。d. 如果摄入了放射性物质，诱导呕吐或进行洗胃。虽然其有效性未知，但可给予活性炭。某些其他吸附材料也可能有效。e. 联系辐射紧急援助中心与培训站点（REAC/TS/：电话[phone]或（865）481-1000）和州辐射卫生部门以获取进一步的建议。在某些暴露情况下，可能需要采取异常激进的措施（例如，对吸入钚的重要情况进行肺灌洗）。2. 电磁辐射暴露。患者不具有放射性，不会造成污染威胁。一旦患者被从暴露源移除，就不需要去污，除非电磁辐射发射器碎片嵌入身体组织内。/辐射（电离性）/

Decontamination. 1. Exposure to particle-emitting solids or liquids. The victim is potentially highly contaminating to rescuers, transport vehicles, and attending health personnel. 1. Remove victims from exposure, and if their conditions permit, remove all contaminated clothing and wash the victims with soap and water. b. All clothing and cleansing water must be saved, evaluated for radioactivity, and properly disposed of. c. Rescuers should wear protective clothing and respiratory gear to avoid contamination. At the hospital, measures must be taken to prevent contamination of facilities and personnel. d. Induce vomiting or perform gastric lavage if radioactive material has been ingested. Administer activated charcoal, although its effectiveness is unknown. Certain other adsorbent materials may also be effective. e. Contact Radiation Emergency Assistance Center & Training Site (REAC/TS/: telephone [phone] or [phone])/ and the state radiologic health department for further advice. In some exposures, unusually aggressive steps may be needed (eg, lung lavage for significant inhalation of plutonium). 2. Electromagnetic radiation exposure. The patient is not radioactive and does not pose a contamination threat. There is no need for decontamination once the patient has been removed from the source of exposure, unless electromagnetic radiation emitter fragments are embedded in body tissues. /Radiation (Ionizing)/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

监测意外铀暴露及其对肾脏的影响是通过测量尿液中排出的铀和临床尿液分析中的异常来完成的。尿液中的葡萄糖和蛋白是最敏感的肾脏损伤指标之一。...发现尿液中的γ-谷氨酰转移酶是最敏感的指标。这些各种肾脏损伤指标可以在接触至少0.1毫克/千克铀剂量水平后的几小时内进行评估。/铀化合物/

Monitoring of accidental uranium exposures and its effects on the kidney is accomplished by measurement of the uranium excreted in the urine and abnormalities in the clinical urinalyses . Glucose and albumin in urine are among the most sensitive indicators of kidney damage. ...Urinary excretion of gamma-glutamyltransferase /has been found/ to be the most sensitive indicator. These various indicators of renal injury can be assessed within a few hours of exposure to dose levels of at least 0.1 mg of uranium/kg. /Uranium compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

不可溶的盐类吸收不良。从肌内注射部位和腹膜腔吸收铀盐的情况较差。...吸入后，铀盐从肺部组织进入血液的吸收取决于...溶解性和粒子大小。/不可溶的铀酰盐/

Insoluble salts are poorly absorbed. Absorption of uranium salts from sites of im injection and from the peritoneal cavity is poor. ...Following inhalation the absorption of uranium salts from the lung tissues into blood depends upon ... solubility and particle size. /Insoluble uranyl salts/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

... 对比格犬在静脉注射0.3毫克/千克体重的六价铀后，骨骼组织中铀的保留情况进行了研究。注射剂量中有7.7%保留在骨骼组织中，从那里以平均半衰期两年半的时间被消除。不同骨骼部位的消除情况有所不同，从不到一年到无法检测到的消除。最长的半衰期出现在皮质骨组织中。/六价铀/

... Studies /had been done on/ the retention of uranium in bone tissue of beagle dogs after iv injection of 0.3 mg U(VI)/kg body weight. Of the injected dose, 7.7% was retained in the bone tissue, from where it was eliminated with an average half-life of two-and-a-half yr. Elimination varied for different parts of the skeleton from less than a year to no detectable elimination. The longest half-time was seen in cortical bone tissue. /Hexavalent uranium/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

在为期五年的对狗、猴子和大鼠暴露于二氧化铀（UO2）粉尘的研究中，发现铀在肺部沉积的整体生物半衰期大约为15个月，适用于猴子和狗。职业暴露于不溶性铀化合物的受试者的报告表明...一个两相清除过程，包括一个生物半衰期在11到100天之间的短相，以及一个清除缓慢、生物半衰期在120到1500天之间的长相。/不溶性铀/

In a five-year exposure study on dogs, monkeys and rats exposed to uranium oxide (UO2) dust, the overall biological half-time for uranium deposited in the lung was found to be around 15 mo for monkeys and dogs. Reports from human subjects occupationally exposed to insoluble uranium cmpd /suggested/ .. a two-phase clearance process consisting of a short phase with a biological half-time of between 11 and 100 days, and a slow phase with a long retention time and a biological half-time of between 120 and 1500 days. /Insoluble uranium/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  7