ABSTRACT
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and pentamidine isethionate have been used extensively for the prophylaxis and therapy of pneumonia caused by
Pneumocystis jirovecii
. Problems associated with toxicity and potential emerging resistance for both therapies necessitate the development of safe and effective analogs or new treatment strategies. In the present study, a library of 36 compounds was synthesized by using the pentamidine molecule as the parent compound modified by a 1,4-piperazinediyl moiety as the central linker to restrict conformation flexibility. The compounds were evaluated for anti-
Pneumocystis carinii
activity in a bioluminescent ATP-driven assay. Four of the compounds were highly active, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC
50
) values of <0.01 μg/ml; four had very marked activity (IC
50
< 0.10 μg/ml); ten had marked activity (IC
50
< 1.0 μg/ml); nine had moderate activity (IC
50
< 10 μg/ml); one had slight activity (IC
50
= 34.1 μg/ml); and the remaining eight did not demonstrate activity in this assay system. The high level of activity was specifically associated with an alkyl chain length of five to six carbons attached to one of the nitrogens of the bisamidinium groups. None of the highly active compounds and only one of the very marked compounds exhibited any toxicity when evaluated in three mammalian cell lines. The strategy of substitution of 1,4-piperazine-linked bisbenzamidines produced compounds with the highest level of activity observed in the ATP assay and holds great promise for the development of efficacious anti-
P. carinii
therapy.
摘要
三甲双胍-磺胺甲噁唑和异硫酸喷他脒已被广泛用于预防和治疗由肺囊虫引起的肺炎。
肺孢子菌引起的肺炎的预防和治疗中广泛使用。
.由于这两种疗法存在毒性和潜在耐药性问题,因此有必要开发安全有效的类似物或新的治疗策略。本研究以戊脒分子为母体化合物,以 1,4-哌嗪二基为中心连接体,限制构象的灵活性,合成了一个包含 36 个化合物的化合物库。对这些化合物进行了抗
卡氏肺囊虫
活性进行了评估。其中四个化合物具有很高的活性,其 50%的抑制浓度(IC
50
值为 0.01 μg/ml;四个化合物具有非常显著的活性(IC
50
0.10 μg/ml);10 个具有显著活性(IC
50
1.0微克/毫升);九种具有中等活性(IC
50
10微克/毫升);一种具有轻微活性(IC
50
=34.1微克/毫升);其余八种在该检测系统中未显示出活性。高活性特别与双脒基团的一个硝基上连接的 5 至 6 个碳原子的烷基链长度有关。在三个哺乳动物细胞系中进行评估时,没有一个高活性化合物和只有一个非常显著的化合物表现出任何毒性。用 1,4-哌嗪连接的双苯甲脒进行取代的策略产生了在 ATP 试验中观察到的活性最高的化合物,为开发有效的抗
卡氏肺孢子虫
治疗的前景十分广阔。