Promoters for peroxides in aqueous treatment fluids
申请人:Arkema Inc.
公开号:US10138413B2
公开(公告)日:2018-11-27
The addition of at least one promoter selected from the group consisting of thiosulfate salts, sulfite salts, bisulfite salts, erythorbate salts, isoascorbate salts, and combinations thereof to an aqueous treatment fluid containing a viscosifying polymer and a peroxide helps to promote the activity of the peroxide as a breaker, thus facilitating a reduction in viscosity of the aqueous treatment fluid at lower temperatures than are possible in the absence of the promoter. The promoted aqueous treatment fluid is useful as a fracture fluid to fracture subterranean formations in oil and gas recovery.
Compositions and methods for breaking hydraulic fracturing fluids
申请人:Arkema Inc.
公开号:US10294414B2
公开(公告)日:2019-05-21
A breaker composition for use in a fracturing fluid comprises water, at least one peroxide (e.g., tert-butyl hydroperoxide), and optionally at least one alcohol (e.g., propylene glycol and/or a butyl alcohol). The peroxide(s) and optional alcohol(s) are present in amounts effective to reduce the viscosity of a fracturing fluid at a temperature of 90-300 F. (the “breaking temperature”), and to prevent rehealing of the fracturing fluid, i.e., to maintain the reduced viscosity for a period of time after the temperature is reduced from the breaking temperature to a temperature below the breaking temperature (e.g., after the temperature is reduced from the breaking temperature to room temperature).
Stable organic peroxide compositions include at least one organic peroxide (e.g., tert-butyl hydroperoxide), at least one dye (e.g., an FD&C dye), and at least one alcohol (e.g., propylene glycol, tert-butanol, and/or glycerin).
Colored organic peroxide compositions and methods for breaking fluids
申请人:Arkema Inc.
公开号:US10787604B2
公开(公告)日:2020-09-29
A breaker composition for use in a fracturing fluid comprises at least one organic peroxide (e.g., tert-butyl hydroperoxide), at least one dye (e.g., an FD&C dye), and at least one alcohol (e.g., propylene glycol). A promoter composition for use in a fracturing fluid comprises at least one promoter (e.g., sodium thiosulfate), at least one dye (e.g., an FD&C dye). According to certain embodiments, the dye increases the efficiency of the promoter and/or the organic peroxide, so that the break time and the peak viscosity of the aqueous treatment fluid are reduced.
Pigment sensitizing photoelectric conversion element
申请人:——
公开号:US20040074532A1
公开(公告)日:2004-04-22
A photoelectric conversion device comprising an organic dye-sensitizing semiconductor fine particle thin film is prepared by using a dye having a barbituric acid structure as a partial structure and by adsorbing the dye on a semiconductor thin film electrode, and thereby a low-cost photoelectric conversion device having high conversion efficiency, and a solar cell using the device are provided.