Robust chiral zirconium alkoxide initiators for the room-temperature stereoselective ring-opening polymerisation of rac-lactide
作者:Amanda J. Chmura、David M. Cousins、Matthew G. Davidson、Matthew D. Jones、Matthew D. Lunn、Mary F. Mahon
DOI:10.1039/b716304e
日期:——
Chiral Schiff bases (1H to 4H) and a series of their Group 4 metal alkoxide complexes [(R-1)2Ti(OiPr)2, (R-2)2Ti(OiPr)2, (R-1)2Zr(OiPr)2, (R-2)2Zr(OiPr)2, (R-3)2Zr(OiPr)2, (R-4)2Zr(OiPr)2, (S-1)2Zr(OiPr)2 and (rac-1)2Zr(OiPr)2] have been prepared and characterised by 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. In solution, both Λ and Δ isomers were observed, suggesting a low degree of chiral induction from the ligand. One ligand (R-4H) and three complexes [Δ-(R,R-2)2Ti(OiPr)2, Λ-(R,R-1)2Zr(OiPr)2 and Δ-(R,R-3)2Zr(OiPr)2] have also been characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction. All complexes were found to have a pseudo-octahedral α-cis geometry. The complexes were tested as initiators for the ring-opening polymerisation of rac-lactide in solution and in the melt. The titanium complexes are inactive in solution and afford atactic polylactide in the melt. Zr(IV) complexes afford heterotactically enriched polylactide both in toluene solution (at 20 °C and 80 °C) and in the melt. Polymerisations were generally found to be well-controlled, giving predictable molecular weights and low molecular weight distributions. Ligand variation (substituents and/or chirality) has little effect on either the activity or selectivity of initiators. Zirconium initiators were found to be unusually robust as they were able to maintain well-controlled polymerisation following addition of water to reactions in solution and when using unpurified monomer for reactions in the melt.
手性席夫碱(1H 至 4H)及其一系列第 4 族金属醇盐配合物 [(R-1)2Ti(OiPr)2、(R-2)2Ti(OiPr)2、(R-1)2Zr(OiPr) 2、(R-2)2Zr(OiPr)2、(R-3)2Zr(OiPr)2、(R-4)2Zr(OiPr)2、(S-1)2Zr(OiPr)2 和 (rac-1) )2Zr(OiPr)2]已被制备并通过 1H 和 13C NMR 光谱进行表征。在溶液中,观察到 Λ 和 Δ 异构体,表明配体的手性诱导程度较低。一种配体 (R-4H) 和三种配合物 [Δ-(R,R-2)2Ti(OiPr)2、Λ-(R,R-1)2Zr(OiPr)2 和 Δ-(R,R-3) 2Zr(OiPr)2]也已通过单晶X射线衍射进行了表征。发现所有配合物均具有伪八面体 α-顺式几何形状。测试了该配合物作为溶液和熔体中消旋丙交酯开环聚合的引发剂。钛配合物在溶液中不活泼,并在熔体中提供无规立构聚丙交酯。 Zr(IV) 络合物在甲苯溶液(20°C 和 80°C)和熔体中均可提供杂规富集的聚丙交酯。通常发现聚合反应受到良好控制,产生可预测的分子量和低分子量分布。配体变异(取代基和/或手性)对引发剂的活性或选择性影响很小。人们发现锆引发剂异常稳定,因为在溶液反应中添加水后以及在熔体中使用未纯化的单体进行反应时,它们能够保持良好控制的聚合反应。