异戊醇钠 | 19533-24-5

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机盐 - 有机金属盐
• 中文名称: 异戊醇钠
• 英文名称: sodium isopentoxide
• 英文别名: Sodium isoamylate；sodium isopentylate；sodium 3-methyl-n-butoxide；sodium 3-methylbutoxide；sodium isopentyloxide；sodium 3-methyl-1-butanolate；Natrium-(3-methyl-butylat)；sodium-(3-methyl-butylate)；sodium;3-methylbutan-1-olate
• CAS: 19533-24-5
• 化学式: C₅H₁₁O*Na
• 分子量: 110.132
• InChiKey: ZJVAANZDGCUXLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -2.6
• 重原子数：
  7
• 可旋转键数：
  2
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  1.0
• 拓扑面积：
  23.1
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  1

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  异戊醇钠 在 磺酰氯 、 乙醚 作用下， 生成 sulfuric acid diisopentyl ester
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Bushong, American Chemical Journal, 1903, vol. 30, p. 222

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  异戊醇 在 sodium hydride 作用下， 以 ethylenic glycol diethyl ester 为溶剂， 反应 2.0h， 生成 异戊醇钠
  参考文献：
  名称：

  [EN] PREPARATION OF 24 ALKYL ANALOGS OF CHOLECALCIFEROL AND NON-RACEMIC COMPOUNDS
  [FR] PREPARATION D'ANALOGUES ALKYL-24 DE CHOLECALCIFEROL ET DE COMPOSES NON RACEMIQUES

  摘要：

  公开号：

  WO2003087048A3
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  cholesterol 在 异戊醇 、 异戊醇钠 作用下， 生成 3β-hydroxy-10.13-dimethyl-2α-isopentyl-17β-((R)-1.5-dimethyl-hexyl)-5α-gonane
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Windaus, Chemische Berichte, 1907, vol. 40, p. 2637,2638

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• Die präparative Chemie der<i>O</i>- und<i>N</i>-funktionellen Orthokohlensäure-Derivate
  作者：W. KANTLEHNER、B. FUNKE、E. HAUG、P. SPEH、L. KIENITZ、T. MAIER

  DOI：10.1055/s-1977-24283

  日期：——

  The methods for the preparation of O- and N-functional orthocarbonic acid derivatives are reviewed, and a survey of the reactions of these compounds with electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents is given. 1. Synthesis of Orthocarbonic Acid Esters 1.1 Reaction of Substituted Trichloromethanes with Alcohols, Alkoxides, Phenols, or Phenoxides 1.2. Reaction of Substituted Dichloromethanes with Alcohols or Phenols 1.3. Reaction of Trialkoxycarbenium Salts with Alkoxides 1.4. Reaction of Cyanic Acid Esters with Alcohols 1.5. Thermolysis of Cyclic Carbonic Acid Derivatives 1.6. Reaction of Carbon Disulfide with Thallium(I) Alkoxides 1.7. Reaction of Carbon Disulfide with Organotin Compounds 1.8. Reaction of Zinc Xanthates with Alcohols 1.9. Transesterification of Orthocarbonic Acid Esters 2. Synthesis of Orthocarbamic Acid Esters 2.1. Reaction of Trihetero-substituted Carbenium Ions with Alkoxides 2.2. Alcoholysis of Tetramethylurea Diethyl Acetal 2.3. Transesterification of Orthocarbamic Acid Esters 2.4. Spirocyclic Orthocarbamic Acid Esters from Organotin Compounds 3. Synthesis of Bis[dialkylamino]-dialkoxymethanes (Tetraalkylurea Dialkyl Acetals) 3.1. Reaction of Bis[dialkylamino]-ethoxycarbenium Tetrafluoroborates with Alkoxides 3.2. Reaction of Tetraalkylurea Dichlorides (Chloroformamidinium Chlorides) with Alcohols or Alkoxides 3.3. Reaction of 2,2-Dichloro-1,3-benzodioxole with Amines 3.4. Spirocyclic Urea Acetals from Organotin Compounds 4. Synthesis of Alkoxytris[dialkylamino]methanes 5. Synthesis of Tetrakis[dialkylamino]methanes 6. Reactions of O- and N-Functional Orthocarbonic Acid Derivatives 6.1. Reactions with Electrophilic Agents 6.2. Reactions with Nucleophilic Agents 6.3. Miscellaneous Reactions of Orthocarbonic Acid Derivatives

  综述了O-和N-功能性原碳酸衍生物的制备方法，并介绍了这些化合物与亲电试剂和亲核试剂的反应。 1. 原碳酸酯的合成 1.1. 取代三氯甲烷与醇、醇盐、酚或酚盐的反应 1.2. 取代二氯甲烷与醇或酚的反应 1.3. 三烷氧基碳鎓盐与醇盐的反应 1.4. 氰酸酯与醇的反应 1.5. 环状碳酸衍生物的热解 1.6. 二硫化碳与铊(I)烷氧基化合物的反应 1.7. 二硫化碳与有机锡化合物的反应 1.8. 锌黄原酸盐与醇的反应 1.9. 原碳酸酯的酯交换反应 2. 原氨基甲酸酯的合成 2.1. 三杂取代碳鎓离子与醇盐的反应 2.2. 四甲基脲二乙缩醛的醇解 2.3. 原氨基甲酸酯的酯交换反应 2.4. 有机锡化合物制备的螺环原氨基甲酸酯 3. 双[二烷基氨基]-二烷氧基甲烷（四烷基脲二烷基缩醛）的合成 3.1. 双[二烷基氨基]-乙氧基碳鎓四氟硼酸盐与醇盐的反应 3.2. 四烷基脲二氯化物（氯仿酰亚胺氯化物）与醇或醇盐的反应 3.3. 2,2-二氯-1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯与胺的反应 3.4. 有机锡化合物制备的螺环脲缩醛 4. 烷氧基三[二烷基氨基]甲烷的合成 5. 四[二烷基氨基]甲烷的合成 6. O-和N-功能性原碳酸衍生物的反应 6.1. 与亲电试剂的反应 6.2. 与亲核试剂的反应 6.3. 原碳酸衍生物的其他反应
• Axially chiral <i>N,N′‐</i> dioxides ethers for catalysis in enantioselective allylation of aldehydes
  作者：Shijie Wu、Yongfei Xing、Jie Wang、Xingchen Guo、Huajie Zhu、Wan Li

  DOI：10.1002/chir.23122

  日期：2019.11

  A series of axially chiral ethers synthesized from biscarboline N,N′‐dioxides, (S)‐1a to (S)‐1n, was investigated in enantioselectivity addition reactions of allyltrichlorosilane with a series of substituted aldehydes, including bulky substituted aldehydes. High enantioselectivities (up to 96%ee) were achieved using the catalyst (S)‐1k at 1 mol % loading.

  从biscarboline合成了一系列轴向手性醚Ñ，Ñ '-dioxides，（小号） - 1A至（小号） - 1N，在烯丙基三氯硅烷的对映选择性加成反应进行了研究了一系列取代的醛的，包括膨松取代的醛。使用负载量为1 mol％的催化剂（S）-1k可实现高对映选择性（高达96％ee）。
• Base-Catalyzed Transesterification of Thionoesters
  作者：Josiah J. Newton、Robert Britton、Chadron M. Friesen

  DOI：10.1021/acs.joc.8b02260

  日期：2018.10.19

  Here we report a convenient synthesis of thionoesters by base-catalyzed transesterification. Benzyl and alkyl thionobenzoates and thionoheterobenzoates were efficiently prepared using various alcohols catalyzed by the corresponding sodium alkoxide. This methodology features a broad substrate scope, good to excellent yields, short reaction times, while simultaneously driving the reaction toward completion

  在这里，我们报告通过碱催化的酯交换反应方便地合成硫代磺酸酯。使用由相应的醇钠催化的各种醇可有效地制备苄基和烷基硫代苯甲酸酯和亚硫杂苯甲酸酯。该方法的特点是底物范围宽，收率高至优异，反应时间短，同时通过除去甲醇副产物使反应接近完成。我们还报告了少量硫代苯甲酸酯转化为相应的α，α-二氟苄基醚的过程，以证明醇类转化为二氟苄基或二氟杂苄基醚的过程可证明对药物化学中的铅优化有用。
• Cyclization Dichotomy of Esters of 3-Ureido-2-cyano-2-propenoic and 3-Ureido-2-acyl-2-propenoic Acids
  作者：Miroslav Ledvina、Jiří Farkaš

  DOI：10.1135/cccc19941841

  日期：——

  The preparation of E and Z isomers of 3-ureido-2-cyano-2-propenoates Ia - Id and their base-catalyzed isomerization and cyclization to 5-carboxycytosine derivatives IIa - IIf and 5-cyanouracil derivatives IIIa and IIIb is described. Also described is the preparation of 3-ureido-2-acyl-2-propenoates Va - Vd and their base-catalyzed cyclization to 5-carboxy-2(1H)-pyrimidone derivatives VIa - VIc and 5-acyluracils VIIa - VIIc.

  描述了3-脲基-2-氰基-2-丙烯酸酯的Ia - Id的E和Z异构体的制备，以及它们的碱催化异构化和环化到5-羧基胞嘧啶衍生物IIa - IIf和5-氰基尿嘧啶衍生物IIIa和IIIb。还描述了3-脲基-2-酰基-2-丙烯酸酯Va - Vd的制备及其碱催化环化到5-羧基-2(1H)-嘧啶酮衍生物VIa - VIc和5-酰基尿嘧啶VIIa - VIIc。
• Variable Absorption of Carbidopa Affects Both Peripheral and Central Levodopa Metabolism
  作者：R. Durso、J. E. Evans、E. Josephs、G. Szabo、B. Evans、H. H. Fernandez、T. R. Browne

  DOI：10.1177/00912700022009585

  日期：2000.8

  Carbidopa (CD), a competitive inhibitor of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, is routinely administered with levodopa (LD) to patients with Parkinson disease (PD) to reduce the peripheral decarboxylation of LD to dopamine. Using a stable isotope-labeled form of LD, the authors examined in 9 PD patients the effects of variable CD absorption on peripheral and central LD metabolism. Subjects were administered orally 50 mg of CD followed in 1 hour by a slow bolus intravenous infusion of 150 mg stable isotope-labeled LD (ring 1′,2′,3′,4′,5′,6′-13C). Eight patients underwent a lumbar puncture 6 hours following the infusion. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analyzed for labeled and unlabeled metabolites using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. When patients were divided into “slow” and “rapid” CD absorption groups, significantly greater peripheral LD decarboxylation (as measured by area under the curve [AUC]-labeled serum HVA) was noted in the poor absorbers (p = 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). Elimination half-lives for serum LD did not differ between groups, suggesting a further capacity for decarboxylation inhibition in the “rapid” absorbers. A significant correlation between AUC serum CD and percent-labeled HVA in CSF was found for all patients (R = 0.786, p = 0.02). “Rapid” as compared to “slow” CD absorbers had significantly more percent-labeled CSF HVA (60 vs. 49, p = 0.02, Mann-Whitney U test), indicating greater central-labeled DA production in the better CD absorbers. The data suggest that peripheral aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase activity is not saturated at CD doses used in current practice. The authors believe that future studies to better examine a dose dependence of CD on peripheral LD decarboxylation and LD brain uptake are warranted.

  卡比多巴（CD）是一种竞争性抑制剂，能够抑制芳香族L-氨基酸脱羧酶，但不穿越血脑屏障，通常与左旋多巴（LD）共同给药于帕金森病（PD）患者，以减少LD在外周转化为多巴胺。作者使用稳定同位素标记的LD形式，在9名PD患者中研究了CD吸收的变化对外周和中枢LD代谢的影响。受试者口服50毫克CD，1小时后进行150毫克稳定同位素标记的LD（环1′,2′,3′,4′,5′,6′-13C）缓慢静脉输注。8名患者在输注后6小时接受腰椎穿刺。血液和脑脊液（CSF）样本通过高效液相色谱和质谱的组合分析了标记和未标记代谢产物。当患者分为“慢速”和“快速”CD吸收组时，发现吸收差的患者外周LD脱羧化（通过曲线下面积[AUC]标记的血清HVA测量）显著增加（p = 0.05，Mann-Whitney U检验）。两组血清LD的消除半衰期没有差异，这表明“快速”吸收者仍有进一步的脱羧化抑制能力。对所有患者发现AUC血清CD与CSF中标记HVA百分比之间有显著相关性（R = 0.786，p = 0.02）。“快速”CD吸收者与“慢速”吸收者相比，CSF中标记HVA的百分比显著更高（60 vs. 49，p = 0.02，Mann-Whitney U检验），这表明更好的CD吸收者在中枢产生的多巴胺更高。数据表明，在当前实践中使用的CD剂量下，外周芳香族L-氨基酸脱羧酶的活性并未达到饱和。作者相信，未来的研究有必要更好地检查CD对外周LD脱羧化和LD脑摄取的剂量依赖性。