Solvent-free mechanochemical preparation of phosphonium salts, phosphorus ylides, and olefins
申请人:Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.
公开号:US20030176740A1
公开(公告)日:2003-09-18
The present invention provides a method of preparing a phosphonium salt of the formula [R
1
R
2
R
3
P—CR
4
R
5
R
6
]X, comprising ball-milling a phosphine of the formula R
1
R
2
R
3
P with a compound of the formula XCR
4
R
5
R
6
; a method of preparing a phosphorus ylide of the formula R
1
R
2
R
3
P═CR
4
R
5
, comprising ball-milling a phosphonium salt of the formula [R
1
R
2
R
3
P—HCR
4
R
5
]X in the presence of a base; and a method of preparing an olefin of the formula R
4
R
5
C═CR
7
H or R
4
R
5
C═CR
7
R
8
, comprising ball-milling a phosphorus ylide of the formula R
1
R
2
R
3
P═CR
4
R
5
with a compound of the formula R
7
C(O)H or R
7
C(O)R
8
. The inventive method produces phosphonium salts and phosphorus ylides by mechanical processing solid reagents under solvent-free conditions. The advantages of the present invention over conventional solution methods, include: (1) extremely high selectivity; (2) high yields; (3) low processing temperatures; (4) simple and scalable reactions using commercially available equipment; and (5) the complete elimination of solvents from the reaction.
本发明提供了一种制备公式为[R1R2R3P-CR4R5R6]X的膦鎵盐的方法,包括通过球磨将公式为R1R2R3P的膦烷与公式为XCR4R5R6的化合物混合;一种制备公式为R1R2R3P═CR4R5的膦鎵烯化合物的方法,包括在碱的存在下通过球磨将公式为[R1R2R3P-HCR4R5]X的膦鎵盐混合;以及一种制备公式为R4R5C═CR7H或R4R5C═CR7R8的烯烃的方法,包括通过球磨将公式为R1R2R3P═CR4R5的膦鎵烯与公式为R7C(O)H或R7C(O)R8的化合物混合。该创新方法通过在无溶剂条件下机械处理固体试剂来产生膦鎵盐和膦鎵烯,相比传统的溶液方法,具有以下优点:(1)极高的选择性;(2)高产率;(3)低加工温度;(4)使用商业可获得的设备进行简单和可扩展的反应;以及(5)完全消除反应中的溶剂。