Disclosed is an improved carbonylation process for the production of carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid esters, and/or carboxylic acid anhydrides wherein a carbonylation feedstock compound selected from one or more organic oxygenates such as alcohols, ethers, and esters is contacted with carbon monoxide in the presence of a carbonylation catalyst and one or more onium compounds. The carbonylation process differs from known carbonylation processes in that a halide compound, other than the onium salt, such as a hydrogen halide (typically, hydrogen iodide) and/or an alkyl halide (typically, methyl iodide), extraneous or exogenous to the carbonylation process is not fed or supplied to the process. The process can be improved by using a bidentate ligand comprising two functional groups selected from tertiary amines and tertiary phosphines, such as 2,2′-bipyridine and diphosphine derivatives.
本文披露了一种改进的羰基化过程,用于生产
羧酸、
羧酸酯和/或
羧酸酐。在该过程中,选择一种或多种有机氧化物,如醇、醚和酯,作为羰基化原料化合物,并在羰基化催化剂和一种或多种离子化合物的存在下与
一氧化碳接触。该羰基化过程与已知的羰基化过程不同之处在于,除了离子盐以外,不向过程中提供卤化物化合物,如氢卤化物(通常为
氢碘酸)和/或烷基卤化物(通常为甲基
碘化物)。该过程可以通过使用双齿
配体来改进,该双齿
配体包括两种从三级胺和三级膦中选择的功能基团,例如
2,2'-联吡啶和
二膦衍
生物。