Nickel-catalysed selective N-arylation or N,N′-diarylation of secondary diamines
作者:Eric Brenner、Raphaël Schneider、Yves Fort
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00750-0
日期:2002.8
synthesis of N-aryl or N,N′-diaryl piperazines and trimethylene(bis)piperidines from the corresponding diamines and aryl chlorides using a catalyst combination of Ni(0) associated to 2,2′-bipyridine is described. The Ni/2,2′-bipyridine catalyst is also effective for the sequential arylation of piperazine. The preparation of novel and unsymmetrical 1,4-diaryl piperazines is reported.
Indonesia has played a vital role in the security of South-East Asia for more than 30 years, both through its prominent position in ASEAN and the ARF and through the stability and longevity of the Suharto regime. The central theme of this article emphasizes that peace and stability in Indonesia are the key to peace and stability in the South-East Asian region. However, instability within ASEAN countries themselves and the risk of serious upheaval in Indonesia have the potential to infect other parts of South-East Asia. The author assesses Indonesia's role in shaping regional security and the country's prospects for a successful democratic future in which the West has a strong interest in encouraging the more moderate Indonesian Islamic elements to build enduring and democratic political institutions.
A Pd/P(t-Bu)(3) catalyst system has revealed very high activity and selectivity for the amination of N-(hetero)aryl halides with unprotected piperazine. A wide variety of N-(hetero)arylpiperazines could be prepared using this catalyst. Turnover numbers up to 6400mol/mol have been obtained. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Bischoff, Chemische Berichte, 1889, vol. 22, p. 1782