1,8-Bis(diphenylmethylium)naphthalenediyl Dication as an Organic Oxidant: Synthesis of Benzidines via Self-Coupling of N,N-Dialkylanilines
摘要:
1,8-Bis(diphenylmethylium)naphthalenediyl dications promoted oxidative coupling of various N,N-dialkylanilines to afford the corresponding para-coupled bisanilines, benzidines, in good to excellent yield. The dications were readily prepared from a cyclic ether precursor, derived from 1,8-dibromonaphthalene, via deoxygenation with a silylating reagent in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol under anhydrous conditions.
Synthesis and Reactivity of a Chlorinated 1,8-Bis(diarylmethylium)naphthalenediyl Dication
作者:Huadong Wang、François P. Gabbaï
DOI:10.1021/ol0477071
日期:2005.1.1
8-Bis(bis(p-chlorophenyl)methylium)naphthalenediyl dication has been prepared by treatment of the corresponding diol with a mixture of [HBF4]aq and (CF3CO)2O. The proximity of the methylium centers leads to strong electrostatic repulsions that are exacerbated by the electron-withdrawing p-chloro substituents. As indicated by cyclic voltammetry, this dication is the strongest oxidant of the 1,8-bis(methy
Naphthalene-1,8-diylbis(diphenylmethylium) as an Organic Two-Electron Oxidant: Benzidine Synthesis via Oxidative Self-Coupling of <i>N,N</i>-Dialkylanilines
作者:Terunobu Saitoh、Suguru Yoshida、Junji Ichikawa
DOI:10.1021/jo060662s
日期:2006.8.1
Naphthalene-1,8-diylbis(diphenylmethylium) exhibits a unique electron-transfer reduction behavior due to the close proximity of the two triarylmethyl cations, which form a C-C bond while accepting two electrons, leading to 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylacenaphthene. The preparation of the dication was readily accomplished under anhydrous conditions starting from a cyclic bis(triarylmethyl) ether, derived from 1,8-dibromonaphthalene. The process proceeded via deoxygenation accompanying the formation of a disiloxane on treatment with a silylating agent (Me3SiClO4 or Me3SiOTf) in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol. The dication was successfully employed for oxidative coupling of N, N-dialkylanilines at the paraposition to afford the corresponding benzidines in good to excellent yield.
Reaction of the 1,8-Bis(diphenylmethylium)naphthalenediyl Dication with Fluoride: Formation of a Cation Containing a C−F→C Bridge
作者:Huadong Wang、Charles Edwin Webster、Lisa M. Pérez、Michael B. Hall、François P. Gabbaï
DOI:10.1021/ja048501y
日期:2004.7.1
Treatment of 1, 8-bis(diphenylhydroxymethyl) naphthalene with a mixture of [HBF4](aq) and (CF3CO)(2)O affords the corresponding clication, 1,8-bis(diphenylmethylium)naphthalenediyl (1(2+)), which was isolated as the [BF4](-) salt. This dication has been fully characterized, and its structure has been studied computationally. The C-13 NMR resonance of the methylium centers appears at 207.7 ppm. As indicated by an X-ray single-crystal analysis, the vicinal methylium centers are separated by 3.112(4) Angstrom. Dication (1(2+)) reacts with fluoride to afford [1-F](+) which has been isolated as the [BF4](-) salt. The fluorine atom of [1-F](+) is connected to one of the former methylium centers through a typical C-F bond of 1.424(2) Angstrom and forms a long interaction of 2.444(2) Angstrom with the other methylium center. While the structure of [1-F](+) can be largely accounted for by considering a simple methylium formulation, density functional calculations followed by an Atom In Molecules analysis as well as a calculation of the Boys localized orbitals indicate that the long C-F interaction of 2.444(2) Angstrom corresponds to a dative bond. Hence, formulation of [1-F](+) as an unsymmetrical fluoronium must also be considered. As indicated by H-1 NMR spectroscopy, the structure of this ion is fluxional; the fluorine atom oscillates between the former methylium centers with apparent activation parameters of DeltaH(double dagger) = 52(+/-3) kJ mol(-1) and DeltaS(double dagger) = -18(+/-9) J K-1 mol(-1) as derived from line shape analysis. This dynamic process, which has also been studied theoretically by B3LYP density functional theory and Moller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory methods, involves symmetrical fluoronium ions as low-energy transition states.