碳酸铅(II) | 790616-79-4

• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 有机酸及其衍生物 - 有机碳酸及其衍生物
• 中文名称: 碳酸铅(II)
• 英文名称: lead(II) carbonate
• 英文别名: lead carbonate；1,3,2lambda2-Dioxaplumbetan-4-one；1,3,2λ2-dioxaplumbetan-4-one
• CAS: 790616-79-4
• 化学式: CO₃*Pb
• 分子量: 267.209
• InChiKey: MFEVGQHCNVXMER-UHFFFAOYSA-L

物化性质

• 物理描述：
  DryPowder; OtherSolid; WetSolid
• 颜色/状态：
  Colorless, rhombic crystals
• 熔点：
  315 °C, decomposes
• 溶解度：
  In water, 0.00011 g/100 mL at 20 °C
• 密度：
  6.582 g/cu cm
• 分解：
  Lead carbonate decomposes at 315 °C. /From table/
• 折光率：
  Index of refraction: 1.804, 2.076, 2.078

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -2.83
• 重原子数：
  5
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  63.2
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  3

ADMET

代谢

铅通过吸入、口服和皮肤接触被吸收，然后主要分布到骨骼和红细胞中。在血液中，铅可能被发现与血清白蛋白或金属结合蛋白金属lothionein结合。有机铅通过细胞色素P-450酶代谢，而无机铅与δ-氨基酮酸脱氢酶形成复合物。铅主要通过尿液和粪便排出。

Lead is absorbed following inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure. It is then distributed mainly to the bones and red blood cells. In the blood lead may be found bound to serum albumin or the metal-binding protein metallothionein. Organic lead is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes, whereas inorganic lead forms complexes with delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Lead is excreted mainly in the urine and faeces. (L136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

铅模仿其他生物学上重要的金属，如锌、钙和铁，作为许多相应酶促反应的辅因子与之竞争。例如，铅已被证明能竞争性地抑制钙与钙调蛋白的结合，干扰神经递质的释放。它在对NMDA受体和蛋白激酶C上也表现出类似的竞争性抑制作用，这损害了大脑微血管的形成和功能，并改变了血脑屏障。铅还通过影响多巴胺合成的调节和阻止乙酰胆碱的诱发释放来影响神经系统。然而，其主要作用机制是通过抑制delta-aminolevulinic酸脱氢酶，该酶在血红素生物合成中至关重要，而血红素是血红蛋白必需的辅因子。(T4, A20, A22, L136)

Lead mimics other biologically important metals, such as zinc, calcium, and iron, competing as cofactors for many of their respective enzymatic reactions. For example, lead has been shown to competitively inhibit calcium's binding of calmodulin, interferring with neurotransmitter release. It exhibits similar competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor and protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Lead also affects the nervous system by impairing regulation of dopamine synthesis and blocking evoked release of acetylcholine. However, it's main mechanism of action occurs by inhibiting delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, an enzyme vital in the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. (T4, A20, A22, L136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

铅、铅化合物：合理预期为人类致癌物

Lead, lead compounds: Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

A3；已确认对动物有致癌性，但对人类的相关性未知。/铅，元素铅和无机铅化合物，如Pb/

A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. /Lead, elemental, and inorganic compounds, as Pb/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

无法对...碳酸铅...的致癌性进行评估。

No evaluation could be made of the carcinogenicity of ... lead carbonate ... .

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

有机铅化合物无法归类为对人类具有致癌性（第3组）。在有机铅化合物部分代谢为离子铅的程度上，它们预计会表现出与无机铅（第2A组，可能对人类具有致癌性）相关的毒性。

Organic lead compounds are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). To the extent that organic lead compounds are metabolized in part to ionic lead, they are expected to exert the toxicities associated with inorganic lead (Group 2A, probably carcinogenic to humans). (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

吸收、分配和排泄

这项研究旨在评估...49名儿童（48名年龄小于5岁）以及18名成人（年龄大于20岁）...血液中铅的来源。儿童的血铅平均水平为7.5微克/分升（范围，1.5-25.7微克/分升；n = 49；几何平均值为6.6微克/分升），其中四名儿童血铅水平超过12微克/分升。血液样本的铅同位素数据分布围绕两个不同的数组。分析的所有儿童血液中的铅同位素都含有来自麦哲伦矿的铅贡献，对于年幼儿童，这一比例从27%上升到93%（平均值为64%；中位数为71%）。扣除矿石成分后，平均背景血铅水平为2.3微克/分升。血铅水平超过9微克/分升的几名儿童以及大多数年长的受试者有复杂的铅来源。...鸟类的死亡作为一个预警事件；否则，由于这种有毒形式的铅暴露，社区可能会遭受悲剧...

IVE: This study was designed to evaluate the source of Pb in blood of ... 49 children (48 < 5 years of age) along with 18 adults (> 20 years of age) ... . Mean PbB level of the children was 7.5 ug/dL (range, 1.5-25.7 ug/dL; n = 49; geometric mean, 6.6 ug/dL), with four children whose PbB was > 12 ug/dL. The isotopic data for blood samples lay around two distinct arrays. The blood of all children analyzed for Pb isotopes contained a contribution of Pb from the Magellan mine, which for young children ranged from 27% up to 93% (mean, 64%; median, 71%). Subtraction of the ore component gave a mean background PbB of 2.3 ug/dL. Several children whose PbB was > 9 ug/dL and most of the older subjects have complex sources of Pb. ... The death of the birds acted as a sentinel event; otherwise, the exposure of the community, arising from such a toxic form of Pb, could have been tragic ...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

成年雄性狗每天被给予34.1毫克和68.2毫克基本铅碳酸盐，持续60天。尿铅排泄与总铅管理的比率非常小，分别为0.24%和0.09%。总铅管理的98.7%和98.9%分别通过粪便排出。尿液和粪便排泄总计分别为98.4%和97.9%。最高浓度发现于牙齿和骨骼，其次是骨髓、毛发和气管。/基本铅碳酸盐/

Adult male dogs were given daily doses of 34.1 mg and 68.2 mg basic lead carbonate for 60 days. Ratio of urinary lead excretion to total lead admin was very small, 0.24 & 0.09% respectively. 98.7 & 98.9% respectively of total lead admin was fecally excreted. Urinary and fecal excretions totalled 98.4 & 97.9% respectively. The highest concn was found in teeth and bones, followed by bone marrow, hair, and trachea. /Basic lead carbonate/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  碳酸铅(II) 在 Na₂CO₃ 作用下， 以 水 为溶剂， 生成
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Brooker, Murray H.; Sunder, S.; Taylor Peter, Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 1983, vol. 61, p. 494 - 502

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  white lead 在 CO₃^(2-) 、 HCO₃^(1-) 作用下， 以 水 为溶剂， 生成 碳酸铅(II)
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Taylor, Peter; Lopata, Vincent J., Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 1984, vol. 62, p. 395 - 402

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  alkaline earth salt of/the/ methylsulfuric acid 在 碳酸铅(II) 、 水 作用下， 生成 1-萘异硫氰酸酯 、 安妥
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Heller; Bauer, Journal fur praktische Chemie (Leipzig 1954), 1902, vol. <2>65, p. 378

  摘要：

  DOI：

文献信息

• Thermal decomposition of carbonates, carboxylates, oxalates, acetates, formates, and hydroxides
  作者：Jacob Mu、D.D. Perlmutter

  DOI：10.1016/0040-6031(81)80175-x

  日期：1981.11

  Abstract A study is reported of the controlled decomposition of various metal carbonates, carboxylates, oxalates, acetates, formates and hydroxides and their common hydrates, carried out in a thermogravimetric analyzer, a differential scanning calorimeter, and a differential thermal analyzer. Various sample sizes, heating rates, and ambient atmospheres were used to demonstrate their influence on the

  摘要 报道了在热重分析仪、差示扫描量热仪和差示热分析仪中进行的各种金属碳酸盐、羧酸盐、草酸盐、乙酸盐、甲酸盐和氢氧化物及其常见水合物的受控分解的研究。使用各种样品尺寸、加热速率和环境气氛来证明它们对结果的影响。给出了中间化合物、每种化合物的分解温度范围和反应动力学的结果。
• Magnetic structure and properties of Pb8FeIIFe2IIIF24: a 1-D ferrimagnetic chain compound exhibiting a spin-flop transition
  作者：A Pierrard、P Gredin、N Dupont、A de Kozak、F Bouree-Vigneron、G Andre、I Rosenman

  DOI：10.1016/s0925-8388(99)00296-0

  日期：1999.9

  The magnetic structure of Pb8FeIIFe2IIIF24 was solved starting from its neutron diffraction powder pattern obtained at 1.4 K and its magnetic properties were characterized using the data recorded on a SQUID magnetometer and on a magneto-susceptometer. Pb8FeIIFe2IIIF24 is triclinic, space group P 1 ; its crystal structure was previously solved on a single crystal. The magnetic structure of this fluoride

  摘要 Pb8FeIIFe2IIIF24 的磁结构从其在 1.4 K 下获得的中子衍射粉末图开始求解，并使用 SQUID 磁力计和磁感受计记录的数据表征其磁性能。Pb8FeIIFe2IIIF24是三斜晶系，空间群P 1 ；它的晶体结构以前是在单晶上解决的。这种氟化物的磁性结构是由亚铁磁链构成的，这些链大约沿着细胞的 c 轴反铁磁耦合，构成平行于 (b, c) 平面的层。两个连续的层表现出不同的磁矩取向。Pb8FeIIFe2IIIF24 的净磁矩为零，与反铁磁结构一致。这种磁性结构不会在温度范围内演变：1.4–20 K。因此，
• New mixed metal selenites and tellurites containing Pd²⁺ions in a square planar geometry
  作者：Su-Yun Zhang、Chun-Li Hu、Jiang-Gao Mao

  DOI：10.1039/c1dt11836f

  日期：——

  Four novel mixed metal selenites or tellurites containing PdO4 squares, namely, BaPd(SeO3)2, Bi2Pd(SeO3)4, and Pb2Pd(QO3)2Cl2 (Q = Se, Te), have been prepared and structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. These compounds exhibit three different types of anionic structures. BaPd(SeO3)2 contains one-dimensional (1D) [Pd(SeO3)2]2− anionic chains composed of PdO4 units linked

  含有PdO 4正方形的四种新型混合金属亚硒酸盐或亚碲酸盐分别为BaPd（SeO 3）2，Bi 2 Pd（SeO 3）4和Pb 2 Pd（QO 3）2 Cl 2（Q = Se，Te）。通过单晶X射线衍射分析制备并在结构上表征。这些化合物表现出三种不同类型的阴离子结构。BaPd（SEO 3）2包含一维（1D）[钯（SEO 3）2 ] 2 -阴离子链的PdO构成的4个单元通过连接的SeO3 2 −以双齿桥接方式分组。的Bi 2的Pd（SEO 3） 4件展品由[双（SEO构造的复杂3D结构3）] +和[钯（SEO 3） 2 ] 2 - ，它们沿所述交替层一个轴。的[钯（SEO 3） 2 ] 2 -层由钯2+离子通过桥连的SeO 3 2 -中的二齿方式阴离子。铅2 Pd（QO 3） 2 Cl 2（Q =硒，碲）设有零维（0D）的Pd（QO 3）氯2 ] 4 -（Q =硒，碲）阴离子簇，其通过铅进一步
• Thermal decomposition of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) p-toluenesulphonates
  作者：Mercedes Bombín、Alejandro Guerrero、Ma Angeles Martinez-Zaporta、Araceli Ramirez、Antonio Jerez

  DOI：10.1016/0040-6031(89)87103-5

  日期：1989.6

  Abstract Thermal decompositions of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) hexahydrated p-toluenesulphonates and Pb(II) anhydrous p-toluenesulphonate have been studied in an atmosphere of air and under nitrogen flow. Dehydration enthalpies were measured from the DSC curves and the degradation products of the anhydrous salts were identified by X-ray diffraction.

  摘要 研究了 Co(II)、Ni(II)、Cu(II)、Zn(II) 和 Cd(II) 六水合对甲苯磺酸盐和 Pb(II) 无水对甲苯磺酸盐在空气和大气中的热分解。在氮气流下。脱水焓由DSC曲线测量，无水盐的降解产物通过X射线衍射鉴定。
• Convenient Routes for the Preparation of Barium Permanganate and other Permanganate Salts
  作者：László Kótai、István E. Sajó、István Gács、Pradeep K. Sharma、Kalyan K. Banerji

  DOI：10.1002/zaac.200700142

  日期：2007.7

  KMnO 4 and sulfuric acid monohydrate in a two-phase (CCl 4 -H 2 SO 4 .H 2 O) system. In the presence of excess barium Introduction Barium permanganate has been in use for a long time as auseful starting material (s 75 g/L in water at 18 °C, T dec 170 °C) for the preparation of other permanganate salts [1].It has also been applied as a selective solid phase oxidantin organic chemistry [2]. In spite of the

  摘要。开发了两种方便的方法，通过 BaMnO 4 或 Mn 2 O 7 中间体将 KMnO 4 转化为高锰酸钡和其他高锰酸盐。在BaCl 2 和NaOH存在下，KMnO 4 与KI反应制备纯BaMnO 4 。锰酸钡与过量二氧化碳在 100°C 下水热反应 1.5 小时，得到几乎定量收率的高锰酸钡。Mn 2 O 7 是通过KMnO 4 和一水硫酸在两相(CCl 4 -H 2 SO 4 .H 2 O)体系中反应制备的。存在过量钡时 简介 高锰酸钡作为有用的起始材料（s 75 g/L，在 18 °C 下，T dec 170 °C）已用于制备其他高锰酸盐 [1] .它还被用作有机化学中的选择性固相氧化剂[2]。然而，尽管得到了广泛的应用，但尚未实现其方便的合成。高锰酸钾是唯一市售的高锰酸盐化合物，但不能直接将其转化为纯高锰酸钡[3]。然而，两种合成前体，即 BaMnO

表征谱图