描述了作为活化氨基酸衍生物的氮杂内酯的第一次催化不对称共轭加成反应向烯酮的发展和进一步发展。第一代方法是从孤立的氮杂内酯开始的,而第二代方法中的氮杂内酯可以从外消旋的N开始原位生成。苯甲酰化氨基酸。第三个进化阶段可以利用外消旋未保护的α-氨基酸直接形成高度对映体富集和非对映体纯的带掩蔽季铵氨基酸产物,并带有一个附加的叔立体中心。通过使用稳固的平面手性bis-Pd催化剂,布朗斯台德酸(HOAc或BzOH; Ac =乙酰基,Bz =苯甲酰基)和布朗斯台德碱(NaOAc),通过协同活化来实现逐步经济转型。特别是第二代和第三代方法提供了快速而多样化的途径,可从廉价的散装化学品中获得生物学上令人感兴趣的非天然季氨基酸衍生物。这样,可以以非对映体纯形式制备高度对映体富集的无环α-氨基酸,α-烷基脯氨酸和α-烷基焦谷氨酸衍生物。此外,
Pd(II)-Catalyzed Regio-, Enantio-, and Diastereoselective 1,4-Addition of Azlactones Formed in Situ From Racemic Unprotected Amino Acids and Acetic Anhydride
作者:Manuel Weber、René Peters
DOI:10.1021/jo302177t
日期:2012.12.7
diastereomerically pure quaternary amino acid derivatives via 1,4-addition of azlactones to enones. The azlactone intermediates are generated in situ from unprotected α-amino acids and acetic anhydride. Previous attempts using bis-palladacycle catalysts required the use of a large excess of benzoic anhydride (which is very difficult to remove from the products), since acetic anhydride provided regioisomeric
Cooperative activation by a soft bimetallic catalyst, a hard Bronsted acid, and a hard Bronsted base has allowed the formation of highly enantioenriched, diastereomerically pure masked a-amino acids with adjacent quaternary and tertiary stereocenters in a single reaction starting from racemic N-benzoylated amino acids. The products can, for example, be used to prepare bicyclic dipeptides.